Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome Induced by Influenza Type A Infection: A Case Report

Rhabdomyolysis accompanying influenza virus infection is a notable extrapulmonary complication. We experienced a case of influenza type A followed by rhabdomyolysis and systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS). A 57-year-old man with no significant past medical history was diagnosed as having influenza type A six hours after fever onset, and treatment with oseltamivir was started. Shock, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney injury (AKI) progressed rapidly. At 53 hours after starting the oral treatment, intensive care was initiated, including ventilation management. In the acute phase, a large-dose replacement was given for the SCLS and continuous renal replacement therapy for AKI; both eventually healed without sequelae.

 

Comments：

Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which muscle tissue breaks down and releases its contents into the bloodstream, which can lead to kidney damage and other complications. SCLS is a rare disorder characterized by sudden and severe leakage of fluids from blood vessels, leading to low blood pressure, organ failure, and other potentially life-threatening complications.

It's fortunate that the patient received prompt treatment with oseltamivir, which is an antiviral medication that can help reduce the severity and duration of influenza symptoms. However, in some cases, influenza can progress rapidly and lead to severe complications, as was seen in this patient.

The prompt initiation of intensive care, including ventilation management, large-dose replacement for SCLS, and continuous renal replacement therapy for AKI, likely contributed to the patient's eventual recovery without sequelae. It's important to note that early recognition and treatment of influenza and its complications are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the risk of long-term complications.

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S2597	Oseltamivir Phosphate	Oseltamivir Phosphate(Tamiflu) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the neuraminidase that is essential for replication of influenza A and B viruses, used to prevent influenza.

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