Model Compounds
HomeModel Compounds

Model Compounds

Catalog No. Product Name Information
E0136 N-Nitrosodiethylamine

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (N-Nitroso-diethylamine, NDEA, diethylnitrosamine, DEN) is DNA reactive after bioactivation and produces tumors in many animal species.
E0155 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide

4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide, 4-NQO, 4NQO, 4Nqo, NQO, NQNO) is a highly carcinogenic model chemical that induces mutations in bacteria, fungi, and animals through the formation of bulky purine adducts.
E0157 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) 1-Methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) is an orally active alkylating agent with toxic and mutagenic effects. It acts as a carcinogen and mutagen among 3 human diploid lymphoblast lines, MIT-2, WI-L2, and GM 130.The product is a solid-liquid mixture.Solutions are unstable and should be fresh-prepared.
E0158 N-Nitroso-N-methylurea

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU, MNU, NMH, 1-Methyl-1-nitrosourea, N-Methyl-Nnitrosourea, Methylnitrosourea) is a highly reliable carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen.
E0199 N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine

N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN, OH-BBN) is a model compound that induces high-grade, invasive tumors in the urinary bladder.
S1859 Diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol (Stilbestrol) is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen, used to prevent miscarriage and other pregnancy complications. Pituitary tumor
S4243 Deoxycorticosterone acetate Deoxycorticosterone acetate (11-Deoxycorticosterone, DOC, Cortexone) is a steroid hormone used for intramuscular injection for replacement therapy of the adrenocortical steroid. Squamous cell carcinoma
E0150 Carrageenan

Carrageenan (kappa-Carrageenan) is a natural carbohydrate (polysaccharide) obtained from edible red seaweeds. Carrageenan shows anticoagulant activity, antithrombotic activity, antiviral activity, anti-tumour activity and immunomodulatory activity.
E0198 Pristane

Pristane (2,6,10,14-Tetramethylpentadecane, TMPD) is a natural saturated terpenoid alkane obtained primarily from shark liver oil that is widely used to induce tumorgenesis in mice and arthritis and lupus nephritis in rats.
S1601 Reserpine Reserpine is an inhibitor of multidrug efflux pumps, used as an antipsychotic and antihypertensive drug. Reserpine is an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). Stomach and intestinal ulcers
S2286 Cyclosporin A Cyclosporin A, a non-polar cyclic oligopeptide, is an immunosuppressive agent that binds to cyclophilin and then inhibits calcineurin with IC50 of 7 nM in a cell-free assay. Cyclosporin A is generally given following transplant surgery to prevent rejection and has been used to test its toxic effect on a perfused 3D proximal tubule model.
S3174 L-Arginine HCl (L-Arg) L-Arginine(L-Arg,(S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.
S3968 Histamine Histamine, an organic nitrogenous compound, is involved in local immune responses regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. It is a potent H1 and H2 receptor agonist. Stomach and intestinal ulcers
S4117 Histamine Phosphate Histamine(Histamine diphosphate) acts directly on the blood vessels to dilate arteries and capillaries mediated by both H 1- and H 2-receptors.
S4118 Histamine 2HCl Histamine(Ceplene) is an organic nitrogen compound, acts on target cells in mammalian brain via stimulation of Histamine 1/2.
S4539 Salicylic acid Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) is a beta hydroxy acid that occurs as a natural compound in plants which is an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis and cyclooxygenase activity. Peptic ulcer
S5634 L-arginine Arginine is an important amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins. L-arginine plays an important role in immune regulation by affecting the immune response and inflammation. It is also implicated in cell division, wound healing and the release of hormones.
S6929 Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is a potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro that inhibits virus adsorption to the host cells.
S9690 Caerulein (FI-6934) Caerulein (Ceruletide, Cerulein, FI-6934), a cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor agonist, is a safe and effective cholecystokinetic agent and small bowel and exocrine pancreatic stimulant.
E0152 L(+)-Monosodium glutamate monohydrate

L(+)-Monosodium glutamate monohydrate (MSG monohydrate, L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt monohydrate, Monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate, Monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate) is a widespread nutritional additive and flavoring agent. L(+)-Monosodium glutamate monohydrate can lead to oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis.
E0196 Alloxan Monohydrate

Alloxan Monohydrate is the most popular diabetogenic agents used for assessing the antidiabetic or hypoglycemic capacity of test compounds.
S1312 STZ (Streptozotocin) STZ (Streptozotocin) is a glucosamine-nitrosourea compound derived from Streptomyces achromogenes, which is a DNA-methylating, carcinogenic, antibiotic and diabetes inducing agent. Streptozotocin induces autophagy and apoptosis. Solutions are unstable and should be fresh-prepared.
S2599 L-Thyroxine (Levothyroxine) L-Thyroxine (Levothyroxine) is a synthetic form of thyroxine and a hormone replacement drug.
S5193 L-Thyroxine sodium salt pentahydrate L-Thyroxine (Levothyroxine, L-T4) sodium salt pentahydrate is a synthetic T4 hormone used to counterbalance hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism
S1692 Busulfan Busulfan is a cell cycle non-specific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It causes DNA damage by cross-linking DNAs and DNA and proteins. Busulfan inhibits thioredoxin reductase activity. It also induces apoptosis. It is an immunosuppressive and myeloablative chemotherapeutic agent.
S2057 Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, it attaches the alkyl group to the guanine base of DNA, shown to crosslink DNA, causing strand breakage and inducing mutations.
S2500 Propafenone HCl Propafenone HCl is a classic anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heartbeats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
S2522 L-Adrenaline L-Adrenaline (Epinephrine) belongs to a group of the compounds known as catecholamines.This product is a hazardous chemical (acute toxicity/flammable/skin corrosive). Please use it while wearing a protective face mask, gloves, and clothing.
S4202 Verapamil HCl Verapamil HCl is an L-type calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. Verapamil inhibits both permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4.
S4528 Furazolidone Furazolidone(Furoxone) is a synthetic nitrofuran derivative with bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity when used against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
S4578 Tyloxapol Tyloxapol (Triton WR1339) is a nonionic liquid polymer of the alkyl aryl polyether alcohol type, used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction, removal of mucopurulent and bronchopulmonary secretions. It also blocks plasma lipolytic activity, and thus the breakdown of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
S5683 Isoproterenol sulfate dihydrate Isoproterenol Sulfate is the sulfate salt form of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with bronchodilator activity. Angina pectoris
S5789 Propafenone Propafenone (SA-79) is an orally active sodium channel blocking agent and a beta-adrenoceptor (β-adrenergic receptor) antagonist. Propafenone offers a broad spectrum of activity in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Heart failure
S9490 Cobalt chloride Cobalt chloride induces PC12 cells apoptosis through reactive oxygen species and accompanied by AP-1 activation. Cobalt chloride induces delayed cardiac preconditioning in mice through selective activation of HIF-1α and AP-1 and iNOS signaling.This product is a hazardous chemical (acute toxicity/flammable/skin corrosive). Please use it while wearing a protective face mask, gloves, and clothing.
S9507 (−)-Norepinephrine (−)-Norepinephrine (Arterenol, Levarterenol, L-Noradrenaline) is a natural neurotransmitter and hormone. It is an agonist of adrenergic receptors with Ki values of 330, 56, and 740 nM for α1, α2, and β1 adrenoceptors, respectively.
S1208 Doxorubicin (DOX) HCl Doxorubicin (DOX) HCl is an antibiotic agent that inhibits human DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II with IC50s of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. Doxorubicin reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK. Doxorubicin is used in the concomitant treatment of HIV-infected patients but is found to be at high risk of HBV reactivation.This product may precipitate when dissolved in PBS solution. It is recommended to prepare the stock solution in pure water and dilute with either pure water or saline to obtain the working solution.
S1981 Adenine Adenine(6-Aminopurine) is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry.
S1982 Adenine sulfate Adenine sulfate(Adenine hemisulfate) is a sulfate salt form of adenine which is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry.
S1983 Adenine HCl Adenine HCl(6-Aminopurine hydrochloride) is a hydrochloride salt form of adenine which is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry.
S3035 Daunorubicin HCl Daunorubicin HCl inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis and inhibits DNA synthesis with Ki of 0.02 μM in a cell-free assay. Daunorubicin is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces apoptosis.
S4030 Gentamicin Sulfate Gentamycin Sulfate (NSC-82261, SCH9724) is a broad-spectrum, aminoglycoside antibiotic used for cell culture which inhibits protein synthesis in sensitive organisms.
S4707 Oleic Acid Oleic acid (Oleate, 9-Octadecenoic Acid, Elaidoic acid) is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Oleic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator. Renal failure
S6289 Gentamicin Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside class of bactericidal antibiotic, is effective against gram-negative bacterial infections.
S9631 Puromycin aminonucleoside Puromycin aminonucleoside (NSC 3056, PAN, Stylomycin aminonucleoside, ARDMA, SAN), the aminonucleoside portion of the antibiotic puromycin, is a reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl-peptidase II and cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase that induces apoptosis in mesangial cells (MCs) accompanied by declined cell viability and enhanced inflammatory response.
E0153 Lithium Chloride

Lithium Chloride (LiCl) inhibits the replication of type 1 and type 2 Herpes simplex virus at concentrations which permitted host cell replication. Lithium chloride also prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral heads and strengthens mesenchymal stem cell activity in rats.

 Chronic epilepsy
S2876 (+)-Dizocilpine (MK 801) Maleate (+)-Dizocilpine (MK 801) Maleate is a potent, selective and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with Kd of 37.2 nM in rat brain membranes. Schizophrenia
S4587 Pentylenetetrazol Pentylenetetrazol (Pentylenetetrazole, Metrazole, pentetrazol, pentamethylenetetrazol, Corazol, Cardiazol, PTZ) displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GABA(A) receptor antagonist. Acute epilepsy
S7418 Cycloheximide Cycloheximide, an antifungal antibiotic, is an eukaryote protein synthesis inhibitor with IC50 of 532.5 nM and 2880 nM for protein synthesis and RNA synthesis in vivo, respectively. Cycloheximide suppresses ferroptosis and inhibits autophagy.Solutions are unstable and should be fresh-prepared.This product is a hazardous chemical (acute toxicity/flammable/skin corrosive). Please use it while wearing a protective face mask, gloves, and clothing.
E0149 Papain

Papain (papaya proteinase I) is a sulfhydryl protease from the latex of the papaya fruit. Papain breaks down intercellular matrix of cartilage.
S1214 Bleomycin sulfate Bleomycin sulfate is a glycopeptide antibiotic and a DNA synthesis inhibitor, as well as an anticancer agent for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) with an IC50 of 4 nM in UT-SCC-19A cells. Bleomycin sulfate is a DNA synthesis inhibitor.
E0156 Thioacetamide

Thioacetamide (TAA) is a hepatotoxin frequently used for experimental purposes which produces centrilobular necrosis after a single dose administration.
S2606 Mifepristone Mifepristone is a remarkably active antagonist of progesterone receptor and glucocorticoid receptor with IC50 of 0.2 nM and 2.6 nM, respectively. Mifepristone promotes cell autophagy and apoptosis, decreases Bcl-2 level and increases Beclin1 level, accompanied by weakened interaction between Bcl-2 and Beclin1.
S4415 Misoprostol Misoprostol(SC29333) is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analog that is used to prevent gastric ulcers, to treat missed miscarriage, to induce labor, and to induce abortion.
S1652 Monobenzone Monobenzone(Benoquin) is a compound used as a topical agent for medical depigmentation. It can specifically block tyrosinase.
S1653 Retinoic acid (Tretinoin) Retinoic acid (Tretinoin), which is a ligand for both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR), can induce granulocytic differentiation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells.
S3849 D-Galactose D-Galactose (D-Galactopyranose, D-(+)-Galactose) is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.