Effect of feed enriched by products formulated from coconut water, palm sap sugar, and mushroom on the chemical composition of feed and carcass, growth performance, body indices, and gut micromorphology of giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy (Lacepède, 1801), juveniles

by Selleckchem | Dec 05 2023

Background: Giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy is the most important freshwater fish species produced by aquaculture in Indonesia. This study aimed to the effects of various newly formulated products on the amino acid composition of the diet and whole-body carcass, and to analyse the growth coefficient, body indices, and gut micromorphology.

Methods: One hundred gram of palm sap sugar was cooked in 1.1 litre of fresh water for fifteen minutes, to create 1 litre of 11% palm sap sugar solution (after some of it had been boiled off). Two litres of coconut water were then mixed with the litre of palm sugar solution. One litre of this product was added in turn to 2 g of Aspergillus niger (CP2), 2 g of Rhizopus oligosporus (CP3), and 2 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CP4), while freshwater was used as a control (labeled CP1). Aquafeed was added to CP1, CP2, CP3, and CP4, to make diets labeled KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP4. The dosage was 150 ml/kg of feed. Juvenile giant gourami (initial weight 50±0.25 g and length 13.2±0.07 cm) were reared in triplicate net frames (2×1×1 m; water volume 1.5 m 3) in a freshwater concrete pond with a stocking density of 30 juveniles/net.

Results: The results supported our hypothesis that different product formulations have a significant effect (P < 0.05) on aquafeed nutrition and the whole-body carcass, growth coefficient, feed utilization, body indices, and gut micromorphology of giant gourami juveniles. The thermal growth coefficient strongly correlated with the daily growth coefficient (r 2 = 92%), condition factor (r 2 = 77%), protein efficiency ratio (r 2 = 75%), while a moderate relationship with the feed intake ( r 2 = 69%).

Conclusions: Diet KP3 contains higher total amino acids in diets and carcasses and leads to feed efficiency and better growth for giant gourami.

Comments:

It appears you have provided a summary of a scientific study on the effects of different product formulations on the nutrition, growth, and body composition of giant gourami juveniles. Based on the information provided, the study aimed to assess the impact of various formulations (CP1, CP2, CP3, and CP4) on the amino acid composition of the diet and whole-body carcass, as well as on growth coefficient, body indices, and gut micromorphology. Here are the key points from the study:

### **Objective:**
The study aimed to analyze the effects of different product formulations on giant gourami juveniles, specifically focusing on nutrition, growth, and body composition.

### **Methods:**
- **Formulation:** A mixture of palm sap sugar solution and coconut water was combined with different microorganisms (Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oligosporus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to create various product formulations.
- **Diets:** These formulations were incorporated into aquafeed (resulting in KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP4 diets) at a dosage of 150 ml/kg of feed.
- **Experimental Setup:** Juvenile giant gourami with an initial weight of 50±0.25 g and length 13.2±0.07 cm were reared in triplicate net frames in freshwater concrete ponds with specific stocking densities.

### **Results:**
- **Significant Effects:** Different product formulations had a significant effect on aquafeed nutrition, whole-body carcass composition, growth coefficient, feed utilization, body indices, and gut micromorphology of giant gourami juveniles.
- **Correlations:** The thermal growth coefficient strongly correlated with daily growth coefficient, condition factor, and protein efficiency ratio, indicating interrelationships between these parameters.

### **Conclusions:**
- **Diet KP3:** Among the tested formulations, KP3 was identified as superior. It contained higher total amino acids in both diets and carcasses, leading to improved feed efficiency and better growth for giant gourami juveniles.

In summary, the study suggests that the formulation KP3, containing specific microorganisms and a combination of palm sap sugar and coconut water, resulted in favorable outcomes in terms of nutrition, growth, and body composition for giant gourami juveniles. These findings are valuable for aquaculture practices, especially in Indonesia where giant gourami is a significant freshwater fish species produced through aquaculture.