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The Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Improving Morbidity and Mortality of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were initially developed for treating patients with type 2 DM. The four major drugs developed are canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin. Apart from treating DM, these drugs have shown to have a beneficial effect on lowering cardiovascular death and lowering hospital admission, and have beneficial renal outcomes. Recently, several large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were done to assess the benefit of these drugs, mainly in patients with CVD, irrespective of their diabetic status. This systematic review examined seven large-scale randomized controlled trials that focused mainly on CVD in patients with type 2 DM and if it showed any improvement. We properly screened the RCTs if they demonstrated cardiovascular outcomes after taking the SGLT2i or a placebo drug. The seven studies combined had a total sample population of 55,433, and the mean follow-up time was about four years. The participants included in this study had various basal metabolic indices, ages, glomerular filtration rates, and diabetic status characteristics. Although these patients were quite different, after the administration of SGLT2i, the studies showed a beneficial effect in reducing CVD mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 DM.

 

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It is interesting to note that SGLT2 inhibitors, which were initially developed for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, have shown a beneficial effect on lowering cardiovascular death and lowering hospital admission, and have beneficial renal outcomes. It is also encouraging to see that several large-scale randomized controlled trials have been conducted to assess the benefit of these drugs, mainly in patients with CVD, irrespective of their diabetic status.

It is important to note that the seven studies combined had a total sample population of 55,433, and the mean follow-up time was about four years. Additionally, the participants included in this study had various basal metabolic indices, ages, glomerular filtration rates, and diabetic status characteristics. Despite these differences, the studies showed a beneficial effect in reducing CVD mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 DM after the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors.

This information is significant as it suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors may have a broader application beyond the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and may also be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with or without diabetes. However, it is important to note that individual patient characteristics and medical history should always be taken into consideration before prescribing any medication.

Related Products

Cat.No. Product Name Information
S2760 Canagliflozin (JNJ 28431754) Canagliflozin (TA 7284, JNJ 28431754) is a highly potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor for hSGLT2 with IC50 of 2.2 nM in a cell-free assay, exhibits 413-fold selectivity over hSGLT1.

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SGLT