ROLE OF HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING IN DRUG DISCOVERIES

by Selleckchem | Jun 07 2012

INTRODUCTION:
High throughput screening is one of the novel and leading technique for the discoveries of new pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of various lethal diseases. This famous technique is also called as the High throughput screening assay, this technique has been so impressive and fast due to the advancements in automatic machines. This technique is based on the properties of different chemical agents for their ability under pharmaceuticals, biochemical and biological actions against any disorder [1]. In the era of drug discovery this technique has been proved as the most effective for the treatment of specific diseases and these treatments are based on the drugs discovered as ligands for receptors, enzymes, proteins and ion channels. High throughput screening is also used for the detection and study of cellular or biochemical pathways for the assessment of the certain therapeutics for respective cellular mechanisms. The major example includes screening library of kinases and this is leading applied example in this regard in comparison to old methods [2]. The importance of High throughput screening can be analyzed by studying reviews of this novel method for discovering new drugs. Business of pharmaceuticals and science and research has been greatly benefited by this method [3].

SIGNIFICANCE OF HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING:
There is no doubt the application of counter screens aids effectively in the making of a better system but application and assortment is a better method in high throughput screening. Chances of errors and ambiguity has been reduced due to this novel technique as the proper handling of the experiments can detect false positive and false negative results [4]. In the past newly identified agents had to face many challenges in metabolism and pharmacokinetic screening which is now not a tough task to do because of high throughput screening method. This assay system is also very critical and important for the very initial steps of discovering novel chemical therapeutics against specific diseases [5]. Chemical library contains a very high number of chemicals which are expected to be screened by the researchers in future in order to get a speedy and accurate point by high throughput screenings of genomics.

ADVANCEMENT OF HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING:
There are good numbers of compounds present in compound library and these compounds have been characterize very well by high throughput screening and in this regard an example of a compound is important to mention which have the capability of crossing blood brain barrier because of its absorbance potential analysis. Due to computer modeling the studies including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are now studied in much more details. Leaving all the conventional methods of screening compounds for therapeutic purposes, researchers are now running on advancements in high throughput screening by the facilities of new instruments [6]. It has been noticed that the main focus of the research is on the statistical analysis of the screening procedure, this is due to the large number of replicas in initial or primary screenings and these findings are helpful for certain specific conditions [7]. By the assistance of theoretical computer based compound libraries screening the efficiency of the high throughput screenings can also be enhanced because the results of both screenings can be compared for the sake of accurate high through put screening results [8].

REFERENCES:
1. Hertzberga RP, P.A., High-throughput screening: new technology for the 21st century. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2000.
2. Slon-Usakiewicz, J., Global Kinase Screening. Applications of Frontal Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Drug Discovery. Anal. Chem., 2005.
3. Sundberg SA, e.a., High-throughput and ultra-high-throughput screening: solution- and cell-based approaches. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2000.
4. White, R., High-Throughput Screening in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Support of Drug Discovery. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2000.
5. Broach JR, T.J., High-throughput screening for drug discovery. Nature Biotechnology, 1996.
6. Parker GJ, e.a., Development of High Throughput Screening Assays Using Fluorescence Polarization: Nuclear Receptor-Ligand-Binding and Kinase/Phosphatase Assays. J Biomol Screen, 2000
7. Malo N, e.a., Statistical practice in high-throughput screening data analysis. Nature Biotechnology, 2006.
8. Jenkins JL, e.a., Virtual screening to enrich hit lists from high-throughput screening: A case study on small-molecule inhibitors of angiogenin. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 2003.