Oxidative stress abrogates the degradation of KMT2D to promote degeneration in nucleus pulposus

Nucleus pulposus (NP) degeneration plays pivotal roles in intervertebral disc degeneration. The effect and mechanism of oxidative stress and epigenetics in NP degeneration is still unclear. We performed this study to evaluate the function of oxidative stress in NP and to explore the potential mechanism of ROS induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We tested four methyltransferases, KMT2A, KMT2B, KMT2C and KMT2D in human NP samples, only KMT2D was significantly up-regulated in the severe degeneration samples. Knockdown of Kmt2d by siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression levels of catabolic enzymes including Mmp3, Mmp9 and Mmp13. Moreover, an interaction between KMT2D and ubiquitination was confirmed, and the application of H2O2 abrogated this process. Co-IP assay confirmed that H2O2 induced the phosphorylation of KMT2D to block the ubiquitination degradation, which was mainly mediated by phosphorylation of p38/MAPK. Further investigation suggested that ROS induced the alteration in levels of methylation is linked to H3K4me1 and H3K4me2, but not me3. However, usage of OICR-9429 (OICR) also suppressed the expression levels of Mmp3, Mmp9 and Mmp13. In an ex vivo model, application of OICR-9429 (OICR) also attenuated the degeneration of NP according to the H&E and Safranin-O/Fast Green staining assay, and the protein levels of MMP3, MMP9 and MMP13 were down-regulated, as well. In conclusion, we approved that oxidative stress induced ROS production promote the process of NP degeneration by enhancing KMT2D mediated transcriptional regulation of matrix degeneration related genes during NP degeneration.

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