Home Blog of Signal Transduction Apoptosis PARP High response rate and durability driven by HLA genetic diversity in kidney cancer patients treated with the immunotherapy combination lenvatinib and pembrolizumab

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High response rate and durability driven by HLA genetic diversity in kidney cancer patients treated with the immunotherapy combination lenvatinib and pembrolizumab

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has substantially improved the outcomes of patients with many types of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Initially studied as monotherapy, immunotherapy-based combination regimens have improved the clinical benefit achieved by ICB monotherapy and have revolutionized RCC treatment. While biomarkers like PD-L1 and tumor mutation burden are FDA-approved as biomarkers for ICB monotherapy, there are no known biomarkers for combination immunotherapies. Here, we describe the clinical outcomes and genomic determinants of response from a phase 1b/2 clinical trial on advanced RCC patients evaluating the efficacy of lenvatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor mainly targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) plus pembrolizumab, an anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Concurrent treatment with lenvatinib and pembrolizumab resulted in an objective response rate of 79% (19/24) and tumor shrinkage in 96% (23/24) of patients. While tumor mutational burden (TMB) did not predict for clinical benefit, germline HLA-I diversity strongly impacted treatment efficacy. Specifically, HLA-I evolutionary divergence (HED), which measures the breadth of a patient's immunopeptidome, was associated with both improved clinical benefit and durability of response. Our results identify lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab as a highly active treatment strategy in RCC and reveal HLA-I diversity as a critical determinant of efficacy for this combination. HED also predicted better survival in a separate cohort of RCC patients following therapy with anti-PD-1-based combination therapy. Implications: These findings have substantial implications for RCC therapy and for understanding immunogenetic mechanisms of efficacy and warrants further investigation.

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S2741 Niraparib (MK-4827) Niraparib (MK-4827) is a selective inhibitor of PARP1/2 with IC50 of 3.8 nM/2.1 nM, with great activity in cancer cells with mutant BRCA-1 and BRCA-2. It is >330-fold selective against PARP3, V-PARP and Tank1. Niraparib can form PARP–DNA complexes resulting in DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death. Phase 3.

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