Home Blog of Signal Transduction Metabolism Retinoid Receptor CNKSR2, a downstream mediator of retinoic acid signaling, modulates the Ras/Raf/MEK pathway to regulate patterning and invagination of the chick forebrain roof plate

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CNKSR2, a downstream mediator of retinoic acid signaling, modulates the Ras/Raf/MEK pathway to regulate patterning and invagination of the chick forebrain roof plate

During embryonic development, the forebrain roof plate undergoes invagination, leading to separation of the cerebral hemispheres. Any defects in this process, in humans, lead to middle interhemispheric holoprosencephaly (MIH-HPE). In this study, we have identified a previously unreported downstream mediator of retinoic acid (RA) signaling, CNKSR2, which is expressed in the forebrain roof plate in the chick embryo. Knockdown of CNKSR2 affects invagination, cell proliferation and patterning of the roof plate, similar to the phenotypes observed upon inhibition of RA signaling. We further demonstrate that CNKSR2 functions by modulating the Ras/Raf/MEK signaling. This appears to be crucial for patterning of the forebrain roof plate and its subsequent invagination, leading to the formation of the cerebral hemispheres. Thus, a set of novel molecular players have been identified that regulate the morphogenesis of the avian forebrain.

 

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This study has found a new mediator, CNKSR2, involved in retinoic acid (RA) signaling that affects the development of the forebrain roof plate during embryonic development. The researchers observed that knockdown of CNKSR2 caused similar defects in invagination, cell proliferation, and patterning of the roof plate as observed when RA signaling was inhibited. They discovered that CNKSR2 regulates the Ras/Raf/MEK signaling, which is crucial for patterning the forebrain roof plate and its subsequent invagination, leading to the formation of the cerebral hemispheres. This research highlights the importance of CNKSR2 in the morphogenesis of the avian forebrain and provides a new avenue for further investigation into the mechanisms that control brain development.

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Retinoid Receptor