Home Immunology & Inflammation Immunology & Inflammation related chemical - PAD inhibitor - Apoptosis related activator Cl-amidine For research use only.

Cl-amidine

Cl-amidine is an irreversible pan-peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.9 ± 0.3 μM, 0.8 ± 0.3 μM, 6.2 ± 1.0 μM for PAD4, PAD1 and PAD3, respectively. Cl-amidine induces apoptosis.

Cl-amidine Chemical Structure

Cl-amidine Chemical Structure

CAS No. 1043444-18-3

Purity & Quality Control

Cl-amidine Related Products

Cell Data

Cell Lines Assay Type Concentration Incubation Time Formulation Activity Description PMID
MDA-MB-231 Cytotoxicity assay 400 uM 96 hrs Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as decrease in cell number at 400 uM after 96 hrs by trypan blue assay 23420624
MDA-MB-231 Cytotoxicity assay 200 to 400 uM 96 hrs Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability at 200 to 400 uM after 96 hrs by trypan blue assay 23420624
HL60 Function assay 5 to 10 uM 15 mins Inhibition of PAD4 in human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in A23187-induced citrullinated H4 level at 5 to 10 uM preincubated for 15 mins followed by A23187 addition measured after 15 mins by Western blot analysis 30344909
HEK293T Function assay 10 nM to 100 uM Inhibition of human recombinant PAD3 expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as conversion of BAEE to sodium benzoyl-L-citrulline at 10 nM to 100 uM by colorimetric analysis ChEMBL
HEK293T Function assay 100 uM 24 hrs Inhibition of thapsigargin-induced cell death in human HEK293T cells overexpressing human recombinant PAD3 assessed as increase in cell survival at 100 uM treated 15 mins prior to thapsigargin addition measured after 24 hrs drug treatment by methylene blu ChEMBL
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Biological Activity

Description Cl-amidine is an irreversible pan-peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.9 ± 0.3 μM, 0.8 ± 0.3 μM, 6.2 ± 1.0 μM for PAD4, PAD1 and PAD3, respectively. Cl-amidine induces apoptosis.
Targets
PAD1 [1]
(Cell-free assay)		 PAD4 [1]
(Cell-free assay)		 PAD3 [1]
(Cell-free assay)
0.8 μM 5.9 μM 6.2 μM
In vitro
In vitro Cl-amidine antagonizes the PAD4-mediated enhancement of the the p300GBD-GRIP1 interaction in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of this compound is not a nonspecific one but is targeted at the active PAD4 enzyme[1]. Cl-amidine increases p53 expression in CD45 positive immune cells. It triggers the differentiation and apoptosis of multiple cancer cell lines that are p53+/+ and p53−/− (e.g., HL60, HT29, TK6, and U2-OS cells). Cl-amidine induces the expression of p53 and several downstream target genes including the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21, GADD45, and the proapoptotic protein PUMA in U2-OS osteosarcoma cells[2].
Cell Research Cell lines CV-1 cells
Concentrations 0-200 μM
Incubation Time 40 h
Method

CV-1 cells are transiently transfected with plasmids encoding a luciferase reporter construct, p300GBD fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain, the p300 binding domain of GRIP1 (i.e., the AD1 domain) fused to the VP16 activation domain (AD), and either wild-type PAD4 or the catalytically defective C645S mutant. Cl-amidine (0-200 μM) is then added to the cell culture medium and incubated for 40 h. Cell extracts are then prepared, and the luciferase activity present in these extracts is quantified. 
Experimental Result Images Methods Biomarkers Images PMID
Western blot PAD4 / H3R17Me / H3Cit / p21 / p53 / p-p53 iNOS MMP-2 / MMP-9 p-Elk-1 / Elk-1 18505818
In Vivo
In vivo Cl-amidine treatment inhibits NZM(New Zealand mixed 2328) NET(neutrophil extracellular trap) formation in vivo and significantly alters circulating autoantibody profiles and complement levels while reducing glomerular IgG deposition. Further, Cl-amidine increases the differentiation capacity of bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells, improves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, and markedly delays time to arterial thrombosis induced by photochemical injury. Cl-amidine delays thrombosis development in NZM mice. It inhibits PADs in mice without significant toxicity and improves disease phenotypes in animal models of inflammatory arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease[3]. And It is shown to reduce disease severity in mouse models of ulcerative colitis and RA[2].
Animal Research Animal Models DSS mouse model of colitis (genetic background：C57BL/6 mice)
Dosages 75 mg/kg (i.p); 5, 25, and 75 mg/kg(oral)
Administration by oral gavage or i.p

Chemical Information & Solubility

Molecular Weight 424.8 Formula

C14H19ClN4O2.C2HF3O2
CAS No. 1043444-18-3 SDF --
Smiles C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(CCl)N)C(=O)N.C(=O)(C(F)(F)F)O
Storage (From the date of receipt)

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 84 mg/mL ( (197.74 mM) Moisture-absorbing DMSO reduces solubility. Please use fresh DMSO.)

Ethanol : 84 mg/mL

Water : 35 mg/mL (Ultrasonic and heating.)


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Answers to questions you may have can be found in the inhibitor handling instructions. Topics include how to prepare stock solutions, how to store inhibitors, and issues that need special attention for cell-based assays and animal experiments.

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