Home Autophagy Autophagy inhibitor - TLR inhibitor - Anti-infection inhibitor - COVID-19 inhibitor Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Sulfate For research use only.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Sulfate

Synonyms: NSC 4375

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Sulfate is an antimalarial agent used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune, inflammatory and dermatologic conditions. Also acts as an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Sulfate Chemical Structure

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Sulfate Chemical Structure

CAS No. 747-36-4

Purity & Quality Control

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Sulfate Related Products

Signaling Pathway

Autophagy Signaling Pathways

Autophagy Signaling Pathway

Cell Data

Cell Lines Assay Type Concentration Incubation Time Formulation Activity Description PMID
Function assay HEK-Blue cells Antagonist activity at human TLR9 expressed in HEK-Blue cells assessed as reduction in CpGB-induced NF-kappaB levels after 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis, IC50 = 0.11 μM. 30292896
Antiviral assay Vero E6 cells 48 h IC50 for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero E6 cell line at 48 h by immunofluorescence-based assay (detecting the viral NP protein in the nucleus of the Vero E6 cells)., IC50 = 0.67608 μM. 32353859
Function assay HEK-Blue cells Antagonist activity at human TLR7 expressed in HEK-Blue cells assessed as reduction in CL264-induced NF-kappaB levels after 24 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis, IC50 = 0.8 μM. 30292896
Function assay HEK293 cells hERG binding assays: Displacement of [3H]-Dofetilide (5 nM final) from hERG membranes obtained from HEK293 cells, Ki = 2.51189 μM. 32353859
Antiviral assay Vero E6 cells IC90 for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero E6 cell line by measuring infectious viral titer of supernatent from compound-treated Vero E6 cells by Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID)50 by the method of Reed and Muench, IC90 = 5.78 μM. 32353859
Antiproliferative assay BxPC3 cells 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method, IC50 = 33 μM. 25699157
qHTS assay A673 cells qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells 29435139
qHTS assay BT-37 cells qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells 29435139
qHTS assay SK-N-MC cells qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells 29435139
qHTS assay NB-EBc1 cells qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells 29435139
qHTS assay LAN-5 cells qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells 29435139
Antiproliferative assay A549 cells 25 ug/ml 20 hrs Antiproliferative activity in human A549 cells at 25 ug/ml up to 20 hrs by xCELLigence RTCA SP based cellular impedance analysis 28570977
Antiproliferative assay A549 cells 25 ug/ml 60 hrs Antiproliferative activity in human A549 cells at 25 ug/ml after 60 hrs by xCELLigence RTCA SP based cellular impedance analysis 28570977
Autophagy assay NCI-H3122 cells 25 to 50 uM 6 hrs Inhibition of autophagy in human NCI-H3122 cells assessed as increase in punctate LC3 expression at 25 to 50 uM after 6 hrs by fluorescence microscopic analysis 25699157
Apoptosis assay H460 cells 25 to 75 uM 24 hrs Induction of apoptosis in human H460 cells at 25 to 75 uM after 24 hrs by annexin-V staining-based flow cytometry 25699157
Autophagy assay H460 cells 24 hrs Inhibition of autophagy in human H460 cells assessed as increase in LC3-2 level at IC50 after 24 hrs by immunoblot analysis 25699157
Antiviral assay Vero E6 cells 2 days Antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 (strain BavPat1) in Vero E6 cells assessed by inhibition of viral RNA replication measured by RT-PCR after 2 days, EC50 = 4.17 μM. ChEMBL
Antiviral assay Vero E6 cells 3 days IC50 determination at MOI 0.004 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells, IC50 = 9.21 μM. ChEMBL
Antiviral assay Vero E6 cells 3 days IC50 determination at MOI 0.01 using CellTiter- Glo (CTG) assay, performed 3 days post-infection in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells, IC50 = 11.17 μM. ChEMBL
Antiviral assay Vero E6 cells 2 days Antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 (strain BavPat1) in Vero E6 cells assessed by inhibition of viral RNA replication measured by RT-PCR after 2 days, EC90 = 25.49 μM. ChEMBL
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Biological Activity

Description Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Sulfate is an antimalarial agent used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune, inflammatory and dermatologic conditions. Also acts as an inhibitor of autophagy and toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9.
Targets
TLR9 [5] Autophagy [1]
In vitro
In vitro

Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate is a potent inhibitor of autophagy. It prevents lysosomal acidification, thereby interfering with a key step in the autophagic process.HCQ treatment inhibits RCC (renal cell cancer) cell growth, promotes apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and increases rates of glycolysis[2].
Kinase Assay In vitro kinase assays
with purified proteins, recombinant S6 protein and recombinant active P70S6K are incubated in 1x kinase buffer with various amount of HCQ or RAD001 in the presence (25 μM) or absence of ATP for 30 minutes at 30°C. Total and phosphorylated S6 at ser235/236 and ser240/244 are detected by western analysis using phosphospecific antibodies. Note that recombinant GST-tagged S6 (53 kd) is distinguished from endogenous S6 (32 kd) on the western blot.
Cell Research Cell lines Human RCC cell lines
Concentrations 75 or 100 μM
Incubation Time 48 h
Method

All cells are cultured in RPMI with 10% FBS, 1% glutamine, and 1% Pen/Strep. cells are seeded on the appropriated plates overnight and treated with HCQ (75 or 100 μM) for 48 hours.
Experimental Result Images Methods Biomarkers Images PMID
Western blot NOX2 / β-actin p-NF-κB / β-actin NLRP3 / β-actin p62 / LC3-I / LC3-II / GAPDH 32260307
IHC HE staining of spleen tissue 29456648
Immunofluorescence ZO-1 32260307
In Vivo
In vivo

The treatment of Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate reduces the infarct size in an in vivo rat model of I/R injury and the cardioprotective effect of Hydroxychloroquine is ERK1/2 dependent[3].

In addition, Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate shows an early vascular protective effect. HCQ seems to prevent the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction(ED) in treated animals[4].
NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT06408298 Not yet recruiting
Resectable Localized Prostate Cancer
Lionel.D.Lewis MD|Dartmouth Cancer Center|Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
 June 2024 Early Phase 1
NCT05841758 Not yet recruiting
Sarcoidosis Pulmonary
Hospices Civils de Lyon
 April 1 2024 Phase 4
NCT04731051 Withdrawn
2019 Novel Coronavirus
King Hussein Cancer Center|Amman Pharmaceutical Industries (API)|Sana Pharmaceutical Industry|ACDIMA Biocenter
 October 2022 Phase 1|Phase 2
NCT05733897 Recruiting
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
National Taiwan University Hospital|National Taiwan University
 June 10 2022 --
NCT05237843 Unknown status
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Ain Shams University
 March 1 2022 Phase 1

Chemical Information & Solubility

Molecular Weight 433.95 Formula

C18H28ClN3O5S
CAS No. 747-36-4 SDF Download Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Sulfate SDF
Smiles CCN(CCCC(C)NC1=C2C=CC(=CC2=NC=C1)Cl)CCO.OS(=O)(=O)O
Storage (From the date of receipt)

In vitro
Batch:

Water : 87 mg/mL

DMSO : Insoluble ( Moisture-absorbing DMSO reduces solubility. Please use fresh DMSO.)

Ethanol : Insoluble


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In vivo
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