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Astaxanthin

Synonyms: β-Carotene-4,4'-dione, Trans-Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin (β-Carotene-4,4'-dione, Trans-Astaxanthin), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a nutrient with unique cell membrane actions and diverse clinical benefits with excellent safety and tolerability. Astaxanthin, a red dietary carotenoid isolated from Haematococcus pluvialis, is a modulator of PPARγ and a potent antioxidant with antiproliferative, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity.

Astaxanthin Chemical Structure

Astaxanthin Chemical Structure

CAS No. 472-61-7

Purity & Quality Control

Astaxanthin Related Products

Signaling Pathway

PPAR Signaling Pathways

PPAR Signaling Pathway

Biological Activity

Description Astaxanthin (β-Carotene-4,4'-dione, Trans-Astaxanthin), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a nutrient with unique cell membrane actions and diverse clinical benefits with excellent safety and tolerability. Astaxanthin, a red dietary carotenoid isolated from Haematococcus pluvialis, is a modulator of PPARγ and a potent antioxidant with antiproliferative, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity.
In vitro
In vitro Astaxanthin is a carotenoid nutrient with molecular properties that precisely position it within cell membranes and circulating lipoproteins, thereby imbuing them with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Astaxanthin also effectively protects the double membrane system of mitochondria, to the point of boosting their energy production efficiency. In cultured cells, astaxanthin protects the mitochondria against endogenous oxygen radicals, conserves their redox (antioxidant) capacity, and enhances their energy production efficiency. Astaxanthin has also protected human LDL against oxidative attack. Astaxanthin specifically protects the mitochondria of cultured nerve cells against toxic attack and stimulates the proliferation of cultured nerve stem cells. It effectively protects cultured nerve cells against hydrogen peroxide toxicity, and down-regulates genes linked to cell death and up-regulates genes linked to cell survival[1].
Cell Research Cell lines Vero cells
Concentrations 1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 μg/100 μL
Incubation Time 24 h
Method Vero cells (5 × 103/well) are seeded and cultured for 24 h and then infected with trypomastigotes (10 parasites/cell). Once intracellular parasites are observed (about 96 h after infection), the old medium is replaced with fresh supplemented DMEM with different ASTX (Astaxanthin) doses (1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 μg/100 μL). As a control, co-cultures are kept with NFMX (400 μg/100 μL) or with no ASTX or NFMX supplementation. After 24 h of incubation, microscopic morphological changes in the co-culture, such as loss of normal shape of T. cruzi infected Vero cell, changes of normal parasite shape or motility, and variations in the presence of intra- or extra-cellular parasites are evaluated by a trained technician. Additionally, parasite viability is evaluated by Trypan blue stain assay.
In Vivo
In vivo In pharmacokinetic studies, after ingestion of esterified natural astaxanthin, only unesterified astaxanthin appears in the blood. Astaxanthin's bioavailability is substantially affected by meal timing and by smoking. Supplementation with astaxanthin may lower lipid peroxidation in vivo. Astaxanthin significantly improves the memory performance of mice in the Morris water maze. It has demonstrated safety in numerous human clinical trials. The doses of astaxanthin used in clinical trials have ranged from 1 mg/day to 40 mg/day (with the majority in the 6-12 mg range); single-dose pharmacokinetic studies use up to 100 mg per dose[1].
Animal Research Animal Models BALB/c mice (4-6 weeks old) infected with Trypanosoma cruzi
Dosages 10 mg/kg/day
Administration oral administration
NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT05138549 Terminated
Osteoarthritis Knee|Osteoarthritis Knees Both|Joint Inflammation
Prisma Health-Midlands
 September 2 2022 Phase 2|Phase 3
NCT05437601 Completed
Osteoarthritis Knee
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
 July 31 2022 Phase 2
NCT05376501 Completed
Healthy
LycoRed Ltd.|Nutrasource Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Services Inc.
 June 8 2022 Not Applicable
NCT02343497 Completed
Dyslipidemias
Ajinomoto Foods Europe SAS|Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais|Naturalpha
 August 2014 Not Applicable
NCT03945526 Completed
Cerebral Stroke|Malondialdehyde|Oxidative Stress
Indonesia University
 March 23 2010 Phase 1

Chemical Information & Solubility

Molecular Weight 596.84 Formula

C40H52O4
CAS No. 472-61-7 SDF Download Astaxanthin SDF
Smiles CC1=C(C(CC(C1=O)O)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2=C(C(=O)C(CC2(C)C)O)C)C)C
Storage (From the date of receipt)

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 6 mg/mL ( (10.05 mM) Warmed with 50°C water bath; Ultrasonicated; Moisture-absorbing DMSO reduces solubility. Please use fresh DMSO.)

Water : Insoluble

Ethanol : Insoluble


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In vivo
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