Astaxanthin

Catalog No.S3834 Batch:S383403

Technical Data

Formula	C₄₀H₅₂O₄
Molecular Weight	596.84	CAS No.	472-61-7
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	DMSO	6 mg/mL warmed with 50ºC water bath (10.05 mM)
		Water	Insoluble
		Ethanol	Insoluble
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description	Astaxanthin (β-Carotene-4,4'-dione, Trans-Astaxanthin), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a nutrient with unique cell membrane actions and diverse clinical benefits with excellent safety and tolerability. Astaxanthin, a red dietary carotenoid isolated from Haematococcus pluvialis, is a modulator of PPARγ and a potent antioxidant with antiproliferative, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity.
In vitro	Astaxanthin is a carotenoid nutrient with molecular properties that precisely position it within cell membranes and circulating lipoproteins, thereby imbuing them with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Astaxanthin also effectively protects the double membrane system of mitochondria, to the point of boosting their energy production efficiency. In cultured cells, astaxanthin protects the mitochondria against endogenous oxygen radicals, conserves their redox (antioxidant) capacity, and enhances their energy production efficiency. Astaxanthin has also protected human LDL against oxidative attack. Astaxanthin specifically protects the mitochondria of cultured nerve cells against toxic attack and stimulates the proliferation of cultured nerve stem cells. It effectively protects cultured nerve cells against hydrogen peroxide toxicity, and down-regulates genes linked to cell death and up-regulates genes linked to cell survival^[1].
In vivo	In pharmacokinetic studies, after ingestion of esterified natural astaxanthin, only unesterified astaxanthin appears in the blood. Astaxanthin's bioavailability is substantially affected by meal timing and by smoking. Supplementation with astaxanthin may lower lipid peroxidation in vivo. Astaxanthin significantly improves the memory performance of mice in the Morris water maze. It has demonstrated safety in numerous human clinical trials. The doses of astaxanthin used in clinical trials have ranged from 1 mg/day to 40 mg/day (with the majority in the 6-12 mg range); single-dose pharmacokinetic studies use up to 100 mg per dose^[1].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[2]}	Cell lines Vero cells Concentrations 1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 μg/100 μL Incubation Time 24 h Method Vero cells (5 × 10³/well) are seeded and cultured for 24 h and then infected with trypomastigotes (10 parasites/cell). Once intracellular parasites are observed (about 96 h after infection), the old medium is replaced with fresh supplemented DMEM with different ASTX (Astaxanthin) doses (1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 μg/100 μL). As a control, co-cultures are kept with NFMX (400 μg/100 μL) or with no ASTX or NFMX supplementation. After 24 h of incubation, microscopic morphological changes in the co-culture, such as loss of normal shape of T. cruzi infected Vero cell, changes of normal parasite shape or motility, and variations in the presence of intra- or extra-cellular parasites are evaluated by a trained technician. Additionally, parasite viability is evaluated by Trypan blue stain assay.
Animal Study:^{^[2]}	Animal Models BALB/c mice (4-6 weeks old) infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Dosages 10 mg/kg/day Administration oral administration

Cell Assay:^{^[2]}

Cell lines
Vero cells
Concentrations
1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 μg/100 μL
Incubation Time
24 h
Method
Vero cells (5 × 10³/well) are seeded and cultured for 24 h and then infected with trypomastigotes (10 parasites/cell). Once intracellular parasites are observed (about 96 h after infection), the old medium is replaced with fresh supplemented DMEM with different ASTX (Astaxanthin) doses (1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 μg/100 μL). As a control, co-cultures are kept with NFMX (400 μg/100 μL) or with no ASTX or NFMX supplementation. After 24 h of incubation, microscopic morphological changes in the co-culture, such as loss of normal shape of T. cruzi infected Vero cell, changes of normal parasite shape or motility, and variations in the presence of intra- or extra-cellular parasites are evaluated by a trained technician. Additionally, parasite viability is evaluated by Trypan blue stain assay.

Animal Study:^{^[2]}

Animal Models
BALB/c mice (4-6 weeks old) infected with Trypanosoma cruzi
Dosages
10 mg/kg/day
Administration
oral administration

References

Selleck's Astaxanthin has been cited by 4 publications

Astaxanthin suppresses oxidative stress and calcification in vertebral cartilage endplate via activating Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway [ Int Immunopharmacol, 2023, 119:110159]	PubMed: 37054647
Screening Health-Promoting Compounds for Their Capacity to Induce the Activity of FOXO3 [ J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2022, 77-8:1485-1493]	PubMed: 34508571
Astaxanthin protects against osteoarthritis via Nrf2: a guardian of cartilage homeostasis. [ Aging (Albany NY), 2019, 11(22):10513-10531]	PubMed: 31772142
Accumulation of 8,9-unsaturated sterols drives oligodendrocyte formation and remyelination [Hubler Z, et al. Nature, 2018, 560(7718):372-376]	PubMed: 30046109

RETURN POLICY
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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

NOT FOR HUMAN, VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE.