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Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Modeling Agent

Sodium citrate dihydrate

Alloxan Monohydrate

Glucose Metabolism

Biguanides: Metformin HCl; Phenformin HCl

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: α-D-Glucose anhydrous; Acarbose; Miglitol; Butyl isobutyl phthalate; Voglibose; 1-Deoxynojirimycin

SGLT2 Inhibitors: Dapagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Tofogliflozin; Ipragliflozin; Ertugliflozin; Empagliflozin

Hepatic Gluconeogenesis: SR-18292; GSK4112; Metformin HCl

Insulin Secretagogues (A)

First-Generation Sulfonylureas ^[1]: Acetohexamide; Tolbutamide; Chlorpropamide

Second-Generation Sulfonylureas ^[2] ^[3]: Glyburide; Glipizide; Gliquidone; Gliclazide; Glimepiride

Glinides ^[4]: Mitiglinide Calcium; Repaglinide; Nateglinide

Insulin Secretagogues (B)

DPP-4 Inhibitors: Linagliptin; Saxagliptin; Vildagliptin; Alogliptin; Sitagliptin

GLP-1 Agonists: GLP-1; Dulaglutide; Liraglutide; Lixisenatide; Semaglutide; Danuglipron; Tirzepatide (LY3298176) sodium

Insulin Sensitizers

TZDs ^[5] ^[6]: Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Troglitazone; MSDC-0160

Lipid GPCRs Agonists: TUG-891; GSK137647A; GW9508

Mitochondrial Related: Rosiglitazone maleate; Pioglitazone; Imeglimin (EMD 387008) Hydrochloride; MSDC-0602K Potassium; BC1618; 7ACC2

Diabetic Dyslipidemia ^[7]

Metabolomics ^[8]

D-Phenylalanine

L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt

2-Hydroxybutyric acid

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Modeling Agent

Alloxan Monohydrate

Pathogenesis

cholecalciferol

Levothyroxine (L-Thyroxine) sodium

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Sulfate

Treatment

Primary Prevention ^[9]: Insulin; Insulin Degludec

Secondary Prevention ^[9]: Insulin; Insulin Degludec; Nicotinamide; Teplizumab; cholecalciferol

Adjuvant Therapy: Metformin; Dapagliflozin; Empagliflozin; Exenatide Acetate; Semaglutide; Sotagliflozin

Pancreas Protection

Ginsenoside Rg1

Anti-Inflammatory & Antioxidant

Chamomile Extract

Metabolomics

Sodium Bicarbonate

Arachidonic acid

Chenodeoxycholic Acid

Eicosapentaenoic Acid

Taurocholic acid sodium salt

Taurodeoxycholic acid sodium hydrate

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium

Complication

Osteopathy: Collagen; Morroniside

Nephropathy: Brusatol; Artemether; Silymarin; Ursolic Acid

CVD: Acetylcholine Chloride; DHA

Cardiomyopathy: Luteolin; Meisoindigo; pemafibrate

Compound Library

Anti-diabetic Compound Library

Human Endogenous Metabolite Compound Library

Carbohydrate Metabolism Compound Library

Metabolism Compound Library

Mouse Metabolite Compound Library

MAPK Inhibitor Library

NF-κB Signaling Compound Library

PI3K/Akt Inhibitor Library

Obesity Compound Library

参考文献

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31644148/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31712208/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31643682/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28880474/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5026568/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37755339/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29858856/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34831057/
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201716#Abs1