WY-14643 (Pirinixic Acid)

WY 14643 (10 μM) almost completely inhibits interleukin-1-induced production of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in aortic smooth-muscle cells, through repression of NF-κB signaling. ^[2] WY14643 (250 μM) reduces VCAM-1 expression levels significantly, to 52 % of TNF-α-stimulated human endothelial cells. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with WY 14643 (10 μM) before TNF-α stimulation reduces U937 cell adhesion by 50%. ^[3]

WY 14643 (1 mg/kg i.v. bolus) administration at 30 min before left anterior descending occlusion, causes significant reduction in infarct size of ∼44% in rats subjected to regional myocardial ischemia (25 min) and reperfusion (2 h). ^[4] WY 14643 (3 mg/kg) lowers basal plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides (-16% vs. untreated), and leptin (-52%), and also muscle triglyceride (-34%) and total long-chain acyl-CoAs (LCACoAs) (-41%) in high fat-fed rats. WY14643 substantially reduces visceral fat weight and total liver triglyceride content without increasing body weight gain. WY14643 enhances whole body insulin sensitivity (clamp glucose infusion rate increases 35% and glucose disposals 22%, vs. untreated). WY 14643 enhances insulin-mediated muscle glucose metabolic index (Rg') in red (47%) and white (63%) muscles as well as in white adipose tissue (90%), and reduces muscle triglyceride and LCACoA accumulation. ^[5]