Tubastatin A

Catalog No.S8049 Batch:S804917

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Technical Data

Formula

C20H21N3O2
Molecular Weight 335.4 CAS No. 1252003-15-8
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro DMSO 67 mg/mL (199.76 mM)
Water Insoluble
Ethanol Insoluble
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description Tubastatin A is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay. It is selective against all the other isozymes (1000-fold) except HDAC8 (57-fold). Tubastatin A promotes autophagy and increases apoptosis.
Targets
HDAC6 [1]
(Cell-free assay)
15 nM
In vitro Tubastatin A is selective at all isozymes except HDAC8 and maintains over 1000-fold selectivity against all isoforms excluding HDAC8, where it has approximately 57-fold selectivity. Tubastatin A preferentially induces α-tubulin hyperacetylation at 2.5 μM. Slight induction of histone hyperacetylation is seen for Tubastatin A at 10 μM. Tubastatin A displays dose-dependent protection against homocysteic acid-induced neuronal cell death starting at 5 μM with near complete protection at 10 μM. [1] Tubastatin A (10 μM) induces an increase in acetylated-α-tubulin levels and the restoration of primary cilia expression in the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (18-fold); and the restoration of primary cilia correlated with downregulated Hedgehog (Hh) and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as decreased cell proliferation rates (in average by 50%) and invasion (by 40%). [2] Tubastatin A shows significant inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS stimulated human THP-1 macrophages with an IC50 of 272 nM and 712 nM. Tubastatin A inhibits nitric oxide (NO) secretion in murine Raw 264.7 macrophages dose depenndently with an IC50 of 4.2 μM. [3]
In vivo Tubastatin A reduces the growth of cholangiocarcinoma in vivo. Tubastatin A (10 mg/kg) induces a 6-fold lower mean tumor weights in syngeneic rat orthotopic model of cholangiocarcinoma, and reduction of the ratios of tumor weight to liver weight and body weight (5- and 5.6-fold, respectively), as well as a greater frequency of ciliated cholangiocytes compared with controls (29% vs 1.4%). Tubastatin A significantly decreases the amount of PCNA-positive cells in the treated tumors compared with vehicle controls (34% vs 65%). [2] Tubastat A shows significant inhibition of paw volume at 30 mg/kg i.p. in a Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced animal model of inflammation. Tubastat A (30 mg/kg i.p.) significant attenuates clinical scores (~ 70%), and IL-6 expression in paw tissues of collagen induced arthritis DBA1 mouse. [3]

Protocol (from reference)

Kinase Assay:

[4]
  • HDAC enzymatic assays

    Tubastatin A is dissolved and diluted in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM KCl, 0.001% Tween-20, 0.05% BSA, and 20 μM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) to 6-fold of the final concentration. HDAC enzymes are diluted to 1.5-fold of the final concentration in assay buffer and pre-incubated with Tubastatin A for 10 minutes before the addition of the substrate. The amount of FTS (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC6) or MAZ-1675 (HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7, HDAC8, and HDAC9) used for each enzyme is equal to the Michaelis constant (Km), as determined by a titration curve. FTS or MAZ-1675 is diluted in assay buffer to 6-fold the final concentration with 0.3 μM sequencing grade trypsin. The substrate/trypsin mix is added to the enzyme/compound mix and the plate is shaken for 60 seconds and then placed into a SpectraMax M5 microtiter plate reader. The enzymatic reaction is monitored for release of 7-amino-4-methoxy-coumarin over 30 minutes, after deacetylation of the lysine side chain in the peptide substrate, and the linear rate of the reaction is calculated.
Cell Assay:

[2]
  • Cell lines

    Human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines HuCCT-1

  • Concentrations

    ~10 μM

  • Incubation Time

    21 days

  • Method

    Anchorage-independent growth is assessed by growing cells in soft agar. About 25,000 cells suspended in 0.4% agar in culture media are layered over a 1% agar layer in a 6-well plate. Media are added twice a week and pictures are taken after 21 days of incubation. The number and size of colonies are analyzed using the Gel-Pro software.
Animal Study:

[2]
  • Animal Models

    Rat cholangiocarcinoma xenografts BDEneu

  • Dosages

    10 mg/kg

  • Administration

    i.p. daily

Customer Product Validation

Data from [Data independently produced by Nat Commun, 2014, 5, 3479]

Data from [Data independently produced by Int J Cancer, 2014, 134(11):2560-71]

Data from [J Biol Chem, 2013, 288(20), 14400-7]

Data from [J Biol Chem, 2013, 288(20), 14400-7]

Selleck's Tubastatin A has been cited by 104 publications

HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of NGF dictates its ubiquitination and maintains primordial follicle dormancy [ Theranostics, 2024, 14(6):2345-2366] PubMed: 38646645
In-Cell Testing of Zinc-Dependent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in the Presence of Class-Selective Fluorogenic Substrates: Potential and Limitations of the Method [ Biomedicines, 2024, 12(6)1203] PubMed: 38927410
GDF15 controls primary cilia morphology and function thereby affecting progenitor proliferation [ Life Sci Alliance, 2024, 7(7)e202302384] PubMed: 38719753
Integrated drug response prediction models pinpoint repurposed drugs with effectiveness against rhabdomyosarcoma [ PLoS One, 2024, 19(1):e0295629] PubMed: 38277404
HDAC Inhibition Induces CD26 Expression on Multiple Myeloma Cells via the c-Myc/Sp1-mediated Promoter Activation [ Cancer Res Commun, 2024, 4(2):349-364] PubMed: 38284882
α-Tubulin detyrosination links the suppression of MCAK activity with taxol cytotoxicity [ J Cell Biol, 2023, 222(2)e202205092] PubMed: 36459065
Selectivity of Hydroxamate- and Difluoromethyloxadiazole-Based Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylase 6 In Vitro and in Cells [ Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(5)4720] PubMed: 36902164
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS AND ADMINISTRATION ROUTE FOR IMPROVING SURVIVAL AND ORGAN INJURY IN RATS AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK [ Shock, 2023, 60(1):75-83] PubMed: 37141162
Shortening of primary cilia length is associated with urine concentration in the kidneys [ Kidney Res Clin Pract, 2023, 42(3):312-324] PubMed: 37313611
Shortening of primary cilia length is associated with urine concentration in the kidneys [ Kidney Res Clin Pract, 2023, 42(3):312-324] PubMed: 37313611

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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