Swertiamarin

Catalog No.S3927 Batch:S392701

Technical Data

Formula	C₁₆H₂₂O₁₀
Molecular Weight	374.34	CAS No.	17388-39-5
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	DMSO	74 mg/mL (197.68 mM)


* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description	Swertiamarin (Swertiamaroside) is a common secoiridoid found among the members of Gentianaceae with anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities.
In vivo	Pharmacokinetic analysis shows that Swertiamarin is absorbed very fast, with very short plasma half-life of 1.3 h, and is completely eliminated from systemic circulation after 4-5 h. Swertiamarin treatment has no significant effect on adipogenesis, or the mRNA expression of PPAR-g and GLUT-4; however, there is a significant increase in the mRNA expression of adiponectin^[1]. On treatment, the compound exerts an antiinflammatory effect on macrophages and neutrophils by suppressing the release of free radicals, iNOS expression, and proinflammatory cytokines. Swertiamarin acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by suppressing proinflammatory mediators (Th1) and inducing anti-inflammatory mediators (Th2)^[2]. Swertiamarin decreases serum cholesterol levels and reduces the oxidation of LDL. In addition, swertiamarin has also shown to have the ability in increasing the HDL levels and reduction in the ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterol. Swertiamarin has shown to modulate 5-HT2 receptor and hypolipidemic potential in animal models of depression, diabetes and obesity^[3].

Description

Swertiamarin (Swertiamaroside) is a common secoiridoid found among the members of Gentianaceae with anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities.

In vivo

Pharmacokinetic analysis shows that Swertiamarin is absorbed very fast, with very short plasma half-life of 1.3 h, and is completely eliminated from systemic circulation after 4-5 h. Swertiamarin treatment has no significant effect on adipogenesis, or the mRNA expression of PPAR-g and GLUT-4; however, there is a significant increase in the mRNA expression of adiponectin^[1]. On treatment, the compound exerts an antiinflammatory effect on macrophages and neutrophils by suppressing the release of free radicals, iNOS expression, and proinflammatory cytokines. Swertiamarin acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by suppressing proinflammatory mediators (Th1) and inducing anti-inflammatory mediators (Th2)^[2]. Swertiamarin decreases serum cholesterol levels and reduces the oxidation of LDL. In addition, swertiamarin has also shown to have the ability in increasing the HDL levels and reduction in the ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterol. Swertiamarin has shown to modulate 5-HT2 receptor and hypolipidemic potential in animal models of depression, diabetes and obesity^[3].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}	Cell lines 3T3-L1 mouse pre-adipocytes Concentrations 100 mg/mL Incubation Time 10 days Method The 3T3-L1 mouse pre-adipocytes are cultured (37℃; 5% CO2) in DMEM (25mM glucose), containing 10% calf serum, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin, until confluent. Two days post-confluency, media is replaced with DMEM, 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), insulin (10 μg/mL), dexamethasone (0.25 mM) and isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (0.5mM) with or without 100 μg/mL swertiamarin or gentianine. After 48 h, the medium is changed to DMEM containing 10% FBS and 10 μg/mL insulin along with the treatment. the medium is replaced every 48 h till day 10. Swertiamarin is dissolved in media while gentianine is dissolved in DMSO, thus there are two controls; cells without any treatment (NC), and cells treated with DMSO (0.05%). On the 10^th day, fully differentiated adipocytes are used for Oil red O staining, intracellular triglycerides accumulation andmRNA expressions of PPAR-g, GLUT-4 and adiponectin.
Animal Study:^{^[2]}	Animal Models Swiss albino mice Dosages 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg b.w. Administration orally

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}

Cell lines
3T3-L1 mouse pre-adipocytes
Concentrations
100 mg/mL
Incubation Time
10 days
Method
The 3T3-L1 mouse pre-adipocytes are cultured (37℃; 5% CO2) in DMEM (25mM glucose), containing 10% calf serum, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin, until confluent. Two days post-confluency, media is replaced with DMEM, 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), insulin (10 μg/mL), dexamethasone (0.25 mM) and isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (0.5mM) with or without 100 μg/mL swertiamarin or gentianine. After 48 h, the medium is changed to DMEM containing 10% FBS and 10 μg/mL insulin along with the treatment. the medium is replaced every 48 h till day 10. Swertiamarin is dissolved in media while gentianine is dissolved in DMSO, thus there are two controls; cells without any treatment (NC), and cells treated with DMSO (0.05%). On the 10^th day, fully differentiated adipocytes are used for Oil red O staining, intracellular triglycerides accumulation andmRNA expressions of PPAR-g, GLUT-4 and adiponectin.

Animal Study:^{^[2]}

Animal Models
Swiss albino mice
Dosages
2, 5, and 10 mg/kg b.w.
Administration
orally

References

Selleck's Swertiamarin has been cited by 1 publication

Swertiamarin protects neuronal cells from oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation via TLR4/PARP1/NF-κB pathway [ Pharmazie, 2019, 74(8):481-484]	PubMed: 31526441

Swertiamarin protects neuronal cells from oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation via TLR4/PARP1/NF-κB pathway [ Pharmazie, 2019, 74(8):481-484]

PubMed: 31526441

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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