Palmitoylethanolamide

Catalog No.S4708 Batch:S470801

Technical Data

Formula	C₁₈H₃₇NO₂
Molecular Weight	299.49	CAS No.	544-31-0
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	Ethanol	59 mg/mL (197.0 mM)
		DMSO	5 mg/mL (16.69 mM)
		Water	Insoluble
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA, Palmidrol, N-palmitoylethanolamine) is an endogenous fatty acid amide and selectively activates PPAR-α in vitro with an EC50 value of 3.1±0.4 μM.

Targets

PPARα ^[1]
(In HeLa cells)

3.1 μM(EC50)

In vitro

PEA protects cultured mouse cerebellar granule cells from glutamate toxicity and enhances microglial cell motility. In the mitochondrial fraction from cells stimulated with PEA, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cytochrome P450 enzyme(P450scc) expression increases, both comprising proteins considered to be involved in crucial steps of neurosteroid formation. Moreover, PEA shows a protective effect, reducing malondialdehyde formation in cells treated with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, a glutathione depletor and the effect of PEA is partially inhibited by finasteride, a 5a-reductase inhibitor^[2].

In vivo

PEA attenuates inflammation in wild-type mice but has no effect in mice deficient in PPAR-α. PEA has been shown to inhibit peripheral inflammation and mast-cell degranulation as well as to exert neuroprotective and antinociceptive effects in rats and mice. These actions are accompanied by changes in nitric oxide production, neutrophil influx, and expression of proinflammatory proteins such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2^[1]. In addition to its known anti-inflammatory activity, PEA regulates many pathophysiological processes, including pain perception, convulsions, and neurotoxicity. In the central nervous system (CNS), where PEA is present at detectable levels, its concentrations significantly increase under pathological conditions, such as excitotoxicity, brain ischaemia and neuroinflammation^[2].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[2]}	Cell lines Rat C6 glioma cells Concentrations 10 μM Incubation Time 24 h Method C6 glioma cells (300 000⁄P60 dish) or astrocyte primary culture are incubated in serum-free DMEM at 37℃ for at least 24 h before each experiment. Then, cells are treated with PEA (10 μM) for 24 h in serum-free medium, in the presence and absence of GW6471 (10 μM) added 30 min before ethanolamide treatment. The concentration of PEA is chosen on the basis of preliminary experiments, assessing drug efficacy without modifi-cation of cell viability. PEA and GW6471 are first dissolved in absolute ethanol and then diluted with DMEM. The final ethanol concentration was< 0.5%. Mitochondrial protein extracts from C6 or astrocytes are obtained. Alternatively after 24 h of starvation in serum-free DMEM, C6 cells are treated with FIN (100 nM). After 30 min, PEA (10 μM) and⁄or ALLO (3 μM) is added and, 30 min later, are stimulated with BSO (10 mM). After 18 h, MDA is evaluated. In this set of experiments, FIN and⁄or PEA are dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and then diluted with DMEM (0.1% final DMSO concentration).
Animal Study:^{^[1]}	Animal Models C57BL6 mice, male C57BL6 PPAR-α-/- mice Dosages 10 mg/kg Administration i.p

Cell Assay:^{^[2]}

Cell lines
Rat C6 glioma cells
Concentrations
10 μM
Incubation Time
24 h
Method
C6 glioma cells (300 000⁄P60 dish) or astrocyte primary culture are incubated in serum-free DMEM at 37℃ for at least 24 h before each experiment. Then, cells are treated with PEA (10 μM) for 24 h in serum-free medium, in the presence and absence of GW6471 (10 μM) added 30 min before ethanolamide treatment. The concentration of PEA is chosen on the basis of preliminary experiments, assessing drug efficacy without modifi-cation of cell viability. PEA and GW6471 are first dissolved in absolute ethanol and then diluted with DMEM. The final ethanol concentration was< 0.5%. Mitochondrial protein extracts from C6 or astrocytes are obtained. Alternatively after 24 h of starvation in serum-free DMEM, C6 cells are treated with FIN (100 nM). After 30 min, PEA (10 μM) and⁄or ALLO (3 μM) is added and, 30 min later, are stimulated with BSO (10 mM). After 18 h, MDA is evaluated. In this set of experiments, FIN and⁄or PEA are dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and then diluted with DMEM (0.1% final DMSO concentration).

Animal Study:^{^[1]}

Animal Models
C57BL6 mice, male C57BL6 PPAR-α-/- mice
Dosages
10 mg/kg
Administration
i.p

References

Selleck's Palmitoylethanolamide has been cited by 3 publications

Gut symbiont-derived sphingosine modulates vector competence in Aedes mosquitoes [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):8221]	PubMed: 39300135
Effects of Tacrolimus and Other Immune Targeting Compounds on Binge-Like Ethanol Drinking in High Drinking in the Dark Mice [ Neurosci Insights, 2020, 15:2633105520975412]	PubMed: 33294845
SIRT2 plays a novel role on progesterone, estradiol and testosterone synthesis via PPARs/LXRα pathways in bovine ovarian granular cells [Xu D, et al. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2019, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.005]	PubMed: 30009951

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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