ML221

Catalog No.S8695 Batch:S869501

Technical Data

Formula	C₁₇H₁₁N₃O₆S
Molecular Weight	385.35	CAS No.	877636-42-5
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	DMSO	9 mg/mL (23.35 mM)
		Water	Insoluble
		Ethanol	Insoluble
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description

ML221 is a potent apelin receptor (APJ) functional antagonist in cell-based assays that is >37-fold selective over the closely related angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor. The IC50 values of ML221 are 0.70 and 1.75 μM in a cAMP assay and β-arrestin assay, respectively.

Targets

apelin receptor ^[1]
(β-arrestin assay)

1.75 μM

In vitro

In a PAMPA permeability assay, ML221 exhibits moderate permeability. ML221 displays moderate plasma and poor microsomal stability, as it is rapidly metabolized in both human and mouse liver homogenates (4.2% and 4.9% remaining at 60 min). It shows no toxicity (>50 μM) toward human hepatocytes. ML221 displays limited cross reactivity against a range of GPCRs^[1]. ML221 inhibits endothelial cell proliferation by blocking apelin-APJ signaling without affecting the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2^[2].

In vivo

Intraperitoneal administration of ML221 inhibits pathological angiogenesis but enhances the recovery of normal vessels into the ischemic regions in the retina of the OIR model mice^[2]. A single application of ML221 alleviates mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia 7 days following chronic constriction injury (CCI), in a dose‑dependent manner. Intraspinal delivery of ML221, at the onset of and in fully‑established neuropathic pain, persistently attenuates CCI‑induced pain hypersensitivity, indicating that the apelin‑APJ system is involved in initiating and maintaining pain. Intrathecal ML221 downregulates phosphorylated extracellular signal‑related kinase (ERK) in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn, suggesting that the effect of apelin on neuropathic pain may be mediated via ERK signaling^[3].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[2]}	Cell lines bEnd.3 cells Concentrations 0–30 μM Incubation Time 24 h Method The proliferation of bEnd.3 cells following 24 h incubation with ML221 (0-30 μM) are assessed by the MTT assay and the BrdU incorporation assay. Mouse endothelial cell line bEnd.3 cells are maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. The cells are plated at a density of 2.5 × 10⁴/well in 24 well culture plates for the MTT assay and the BrdU incorporation assay. To perform the BrdU incorporation assay, 10 μM BrdU is added to the culture medium. After 2 h, the cells are fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes. After removing the 4% paraformaldehyde, the cells are incubated with 2 M hydrochloric acid for 10 min at 37℃ for DNA hydrolysis, followed by neutralization with 0.1 M Sodium Borate buffer (pH 8.5) for 30 min at room temperature. Intranuclear BrdU is labeled with mouse anti-BrdU antibodies. The primary antibody is visualized with biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies plus streptavidin fluorescein isothiocyanate. Nuclei are detected with Hoechst33342. The BrdU incorporation rate is determined by calculating the numbers of BrdU positive cells per Hoechst positive cells.
Animal Study:^{^[2]}	Animal Models An ischemic retinopathy mouse model (C57BL/6 N mice) Dosages 10 mg/kg Administration i.p.

Cell Assay:^{^[2]}

Cell lines
bEnd.3 cells
Concentrations
0–30 μM
Incubation Time
24 h
Method
The proliferation of bEnd.3 cells following 24 h incubation with ML221 (0-30 μM) are assessed by the MTT assay and the BrdU incorporation assay. Mouse endothelial cell line bEnd.3 cells are maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. The cells are plated at a density of 2.5 × 10⁴/well in 24 well culture plates for the MTT assay and the BrdU incorporation assay. To perform the BrdU incorporation assay, 10 μM BrdU is added to the culture medium. After 2 h, the cells are fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes. After removing the 4% paraformaldehyde, the cells are incubated with 2 M hydrochloric acid for 10 min at 37℃ for DNA hydrolysis, followed by neutralization with 0.1 M Sodium Borate buffer (pH 8.5) for 30 min at room temperature. Intranuclear BrdU is labeled with mouse anti-BrdU antibodies. The primary antibody is visualized with biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies plus streptavidin fluorescein isothiocyanate. Nuclei are detected with Hoechst33342. The BrdU incorporation rate is determined by calculating the numbers of BrdU positive cells per Hoechst positive cells.

Animal Study:^{^[2]}

Animal Models
An ischemic retinopathy mouse model (C57BL/6 N mice)
Dosages
10 mg/kg
Administration
i.p.

Selleck's ML221 has been cited by 4 publications

A temperature-regulated circuit for feeding behavior [ Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):4229]	PubMed: 35869064
A temperature-regulated circuit for feeding behavior [ Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):4229]	PubMed: 35869064
MiR-185-5p regulates the development of myocardial fibrosis [ J Mol Cell Cardiol, 2021, S0022-2828(21)00246-7]	PubMed: 34973276
A temperature-regulated circuit for feeding behavior [ Research Square, 2021, 10.21203/rs.3.rs-916525/v1]	PubMed: None

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

NOT FOR HUMAN, VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE.