Metformin

Catalog No.S5958 Batch:S595805

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Technical Data

Formula

C4H11N5
Molecular Weight 129.16 CAS No. 657-24-9
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro DMSO 26 mg/mL (201.3 mM)
Water 26 mg/mL (201.3 mM)
Ethanol 26 mg/mL (201.3 mM)
In vivo (Add solvents to the product individually and in order)
Clear solution
5%DMSO 40%PEG300 5%Tween80 50%ddH2O
1.3mg/ml Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of clarified DMSO stock solution of 26 mg/ml to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify it; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results. 
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide), a widely used drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hepatocytes. Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153.
Targets
AMPK [1] JNK [3] p38 MAPK [3]
In vitro

Metformin upregulates BAX activation with facilitation of BIM, BAD and PUMA, downregulates Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, also induces cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, directly triggering caspase-9-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis.[4]
In vivo

Metformin shows therapeutic effect of metformin in mouse model of liver fibrosis associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in which hepatic function, NASH lesions and fibrosis are improved.[4]

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:

[4]
  • Cell lines

    human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) LX-2, rat HSCs T6, human hepatocyte L02 and rat hepatocyte BRL-3A

  • Concentrations

    0-80 mM

  • Incubation Time

    24 h

  • Method

    The human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) LX-2 is maintained in RPMI 1640 medium, rat HSCs T6, human hepatocyte L02 and rat hepatocyte BRL-3A were maintained in DMEM, which are both supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS and 1% (v/v) penicillin/streptomycin sulfate at 37 ℃ in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator. Metformin and AICAR solutions are filtered through 0.22 μm millipore membrane filter units. CCK8 assay is used to detect the effects of different concentration of metformin and AICAR on the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells. T6 cells and LX-2 cells are treated with different concentration of metformin and AICAR for 24 h, and the expression of collagen and α - SMA protein are detected by Western blot. Cells are treated with 10 mM metformin and 0.5 mM AICAR for 24 h, and the expression of collagen and α - SMA protein are detected by Western blot. The mRNA levels of collagen I and α - SMA are detected by RT-qPCR.
Animal Study:

[4]
  • Animal Models

    Male C57BL/6N mice

  • Dosages

    10-200 mg/kg; 65 mg/kg

  • Administration

    i.p.

Selleck's Metformin has been cited by 43 publications

Pump-Less, Recirculating Organ-On-Chip (rOoC) Platform To Model The Metabolic Crosstalk Between Islets and Liver [ Adv Healthc Mater, 2024, e2303785.] PubMed: 38221504
Multivariate analysis of metabolic state vulnerabilities across diverse cancer contexts reveals synthetically lethal associations [ Cell Rep, 2024, 43(10):114775] PubMed: 39305483
Metformin enhances endogenous neural stem cells proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and inhibits ferroptosis through activating AMPK pathway after spinal cord injury [ J Transl Med, 2024, 22(1):723] PubMed: 39103875
Adenosine kinase protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by activating autophagy in hepatocytes [ Cell Biol Toxicol, 2024, 40(1):59] PubMed: 39060559
Hyperglycemia-induced Sirt3 downregulation increases microglial aerobic glycolysis and inflammation in diabetic neuropathic pain pathogenesis [ CNS Neurosci Ther, 2024, 30(8):e14913] PubMed: 39123294
Hyperglycemia-induced Sirt3 downregulation increases microglial aerobic glycolysis and inflammation in diabetic neuropathic pain pathogenesis [ CNS Neurosci Ther, 2024, 30(8):e14913] PubMed: 39123294
Activation of nemo-like kinase in diamond blackfan anemia suppresses early erythropoiesis by preventing mitochondrial biogenesis [ J Biol Chem, 2024, 300(8):107542] PubMed: 38992436
Metformin promotes anti-tumor immunity in STK11 mutant NSCLC through AXIN1-dependent upregulation of multiple nucleotide metabolites [ Oncol Res, 2024, 32(10):1637-1648] PubMed: 39308524
Evolution of transcriptomic profiles in relapsed inv(16) acute myeloid leukemia [ Leuk Res, 2024, 145:107568] PubMed: 39180902
A novel direct adenosine monophosphate kinase activator ameliorates disease progression in preclinical models of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease [ Kidney Int, 2023, 103(5):917-929] PubMed: 36804411

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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