D-Galactose

Catalog No.S3849 Batch:S384901

Technical Data

Formula	C₆H₁₂O₆
Molecular Weight	180.16	CAS No.	59-23-4
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	Water	100 mg/mL (555.06 mM)
		DMSO	36 mg/mL (199.82 mM)

* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description	D-Galactose (D-Galactopyranose, D-(+)-Galactose) is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.
In vitro	D-Galactose (D-gal) can induce oxidative stress in non-cancer cells and result in cell damage by disturbing glucose metabolism. D-Gal treatment can transcriptionally up-regulate the genes relevant to necroptosis (Bmf, Bnip3) and autophagy (Atg5, TIGAR) but not the genes related to apoptosis (Caspase3, Bax, and p53). D-Gal does not activate Caspase-3, but prompts puncta-like GFP–LC3 distribution, an indicator for activated autophagy^[1].

Description

D-Galactose (D-Galactopyranose, D-(+)-Galactose) is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.

In vitro

D-Galactose (D-gal) can induce oxidative stress in non-cancer cells and result in cell damage by disturbing glucose metabolism. D-Gal treatment can transcriptionally up-regulate the genes relevant to necroptosis (Bmf, Bnip3) and autophagy (Atg5, TIGAR) but not the genes related to apoptosis (Caspase3, Bax, and p53). D-Gal does not activate Caspase-3, but prompts puncta-like GFP–LC3 distribution, an indicator for activated autophagy^[1].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}	Cell lines Mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a), human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3; Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human hepatocyte cell line LO2 Concentrations 0-60 g/L Incubation Time 24 h Method Mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a), human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 are cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin. Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human hepatocyte cell line LO2 are cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS. Cells are maintained at 37℃ with 5% CO2, and treated with D-gal or glucose in the concentrations and the time periods. Morphological assessments are conducted under microscope. Cell viability is evaluated by MTT assay.

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}

Cell lines
Mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a), human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3; Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human hepatocyte cell line LO2
Concentrations
0-60 g/L
Incubation Time
24 h
Method
Mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a), human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 are cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin. Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human hepatocyte cell line LO2 are cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS. Cells are maintained at 37℃ with 5% CO2, and treated with D-gal or glucose in the concentrations and the time periods. Morphological assessments are conducted under microscope. Cell viability is evaluated by MTT assay.

References

[1] Li N, et al. J Cell Biochem. 2011, 112(12):3834-44.

Selleck's D-Galactose has been cited by 4 publications

BRD4 plays an antiaging role in the senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells [ Transl Androl Urol, 2024, 13(6):1014-1023]	PubMed: 38983468
Iron derived from NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy causes cellular senescence via the cGAS-STING pathway [ Cell Death Discov, 2023, 10.1038/s41420-023-01712-7]	PubMed: 37980349
Hypoxia-dependent expression of MAP17 coordinates the Warburg effect to tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma [ J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 40(1):121]	PubMed: 33832535
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals differential nutrient absorption functions in human intestine. [ J Exp Med, 2020, 217(2)]	PubMed: 31753849

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
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