D-Galactose

Catalog No.S3849 Batch:S384901

Technical Data

Formula	C₆H₁₂O₆
Molecular Weight	180.16	CAS No.	59-23-4
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	Water	100 mg/mL (555.06 mM)
		DMSO	36 mg/mL (199.82 mM)

* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description	D-Galactose (D-Galactopyranose, D-(+)-Galactose) is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.D-Galactose can be used to induce animal models of Senescence.
In vitro	D-Galactose (D-gal) can induce oxidative stress in non-cancer cells and result in cell damage by disturbing glucose metabolism. D-Gal treatment can transcriptionally up-regulate the genes relevant to necroptosis (Bmf, Bnip3) and autophagy (Atg5, TIGAR) but not the genes related to apoptosis (Caspase3, Bax, and p53). D-Gal does not activate Caspase-3, but prompts puncta-like GFP–LC3 distribution, an indicator for activated autophagy^[1].

Description

D-Galactose (D-Galactopyranose, D-(+)-Galactose) is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.D-Galactose can be used to induce animal models of Senescence.

In vitro

D-Galactose (D-gal) can induce oxidative stress in non-cancer cells and result in cell damage by disturbing glucose metabolism. D-Gal treatment can transcriptionally up-regulate the genes relevant to necroptosis (Bmf, Bnip3) and autophagy (Atg5, TIGAR) but not the genes related to apoptosis (Caspase3, Bax, and p53). D-Gal does not activate Caspase-3, but prompts puncta-like GFP–LC3 distribution, an indicator for activated autophagy^[1].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}	Cell lines Mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a), human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3; Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human hepatocyte cell line LO2 Concentrations 0-60 g/L Incubation Time 24 h Method Mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a), human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 are cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin. Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human hepatocyte cell line LO2 are cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS. Cells are maintained at 37℃ with 5% CO2, and treated with D-gal or glucose in the concentrations and the time periods. Morphological assessments are conducted under microscope. Cell viability is evaluated by MTT assay.

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}

Cell lines
Mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a), human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3; Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human hepatocyte cell line LO2
Concentrations
0-60 g/L
Incubation Time
24 h
Method
Mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a (N2a), human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 are cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin. Human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human hepatocyte cell line LO2 are cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS. Cells are maintained at 37℃ with 5% CO2, and treated with D-gal or glucose in the concentrations and the time periods. Morphological assessments are conducted under microscope. Cell viability is evaluated by MTT assay.

References

[1] Li N, et al. J Cell Biochem. 2011, 112(12):3834-44.

Selleck's D-Galactose has been cited by 5 publications

BRD4 plays an antiaging role in the senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells [ Transl Androl Urol, 2024, 13(6):1014-1023]	PubMed: 38983468
Iron derived from NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy causes cellular senescence via the cGAS-STING pathway [ Cell Death Discov, 2023, 10.1038/s41420-023-01712-7]	PubMed: 37980349
Hypoxia-dependent expression of MAP17 coordinates the Warburg effect to tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma [ J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 40(1):121]	PubMed: 33832535
CD73 is a hypoxia-responsive gene and promotes the Warburg effect of human gastric cancer cells dependent on its enzyme activity [ J Cancer, 2021, 12(21):6372-6382]	PubMed: 34659527
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals differential nutrient absorption functions in human intestine. [ J Exp Med, 2020, 217(2)]	PubMed: 31753849

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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