Lumacaftor (VX-809)

VX-809 acts at the level of the ER to allow a fraction of the F508del-CFTR to adopt a properly folded form, to exit the ER and mobilize to the cell surface for normal functioning. In Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells expressing F508del-CFTR, VX-809 treatment significantly improves F508del-CFTR maturation by 7.1 fold with an EC50 of 0.1 μM, and enhances F508del-CFTR-mediated chloride transport by approximately 5 fold with EC50 of 0.5 μM, while VRT-768 has higher EC50 values of 7.9 μM and 16 μM, respectively. In HEK-293 cells expressing F508del-CFTR, VX-809 (3 μM) treatment increases F508del-CFTR exit from the ER by 6 fold, reaching levels comparable to 34% of CFTR. In primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells with F508del-CFTR mutation, VX-809 increases CFTR maturation and enhances chloride secretion with EC50 of 350 nM and 81 nM, respectively, more efficacious than Corr-4a and VRT-325. F508del-CFTR corrected by VX-809 exhibits single-channel open probability of 0.39 similar to normal CFTR of 0.40. Unlike VX-770, VX-809 is not a CFTR potentiator, as acute addition of VX-809 has no effect on F508del-CFTR function. In contrast to VRT-325 and Corr-4a, VX-809 does not improve the processing of the normal or mutant forms of hERG or P-gp, as well as other disease-causing mislocalized proteins, including α1-antitrypsin Z mutant (E342K-α1-AT) or N370S-β-glucosidase, suggesting that VX-809 is specific for CFTR. VX-809 in combination with VRT-325 or Corr-4a has additive effect on CFTR-mediated chloride transport in cultured F508del-HBE. ^[1]

Lumacaftor (VX-809; VRT 826809) is a CFTR modulator that corrects the folding and trafficking of CFTR protein.

• F508del-CFTR maturation

  Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells stably expressing F508del-CFTR are treated with increasing concentrations of VX-809 for 48 hours. After incubation, cells are harvested in ice-cold D-PBS solution (without calcium and magnesium) and pelleted at 1,000 × g at 4 °C. Cell pellets are lysed in 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 200 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris, pH 7.8, and 1 mM EDTA plus protease inhibitor mixture (1:250) for 30 minutes on ice. Lysates are spun for 10 minutes at 10,000 × g at 4 °C to pellet nuclei and insoluble material. Approximately 12 μg total protein is heated in Laemmli buffer with 5% β-mercaptoethanol at 37 °C for 5 minutes and loaded onto a 3% to 8% Tris-acetate gel. The gel is transferred to nitrocellulose and processed for Western blotting by using monoclonal CFTR antibody or polyclonal to GAPDH. Blots are developed by enhanced chemiluminescence. Quantification of the relative amounts of bands C and GAPDH is performed by using NIH ImageJ analysis of scanned films.

• Cell lines

  FRT (CFTR or F508del-CFTR), HEK-293 (CFTT or F508del-CFTR) , and HBE cells

• Concentrations

  Dissolved in DMSO, final concentrations ~0.1 mM

• Incubation Time

  24 or 48 hours

• Method

  Cells are exposed to various concentrations of VX-809 for 24 or 48 hours. Ussing chamber techniques are used to record the transepithelial current (I_T) resulting from CFTR-mediated chloride transport. The single-channel activity of CFTR is measured by using excised inside-out membrane patch recordings. Immunoblot techniques using themonoclonal CFTR antibody are used to measure CFTR maturation in FRT, HEK-293, or HBE cells expressing CFTR or F508del-CFTR.

• Animal Models

  Male Sprague– Dawley rats

• Dosages

  1 mg/kg

• Administration

  p.o.