Stavudine (d4T)

Catalog No.S1398 Batch:S139801

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Technical Data

Formula

C10H12N2O4
Molecular Weight 224.21 CAS No. 3056-17-5
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro DMSO 45 mg/mL (200.7 mM)
Water 45 mg/mL (200.7 mM)
Ethanol 20 mg/mL (89.2 mM)
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description Stavudine (d4T, BMY-27857, Sanilvudine, NSC 163661) is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NARTI) active against HIV.
Targets
Reverse transcriptase [1]
In vitro Stavudine alteres the lipid phenotype, decreasing the lipid content and expression of markers involved in lipid metabolism, namely C/EBPalpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, adipocyte lipid binding protein 2, fatty acid synthase and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Stavudine drives 5-10% of 3T3-F442A cells towards apoptosis, and reduces the lipid content and survival of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Stavudine increases mitochondrial mass by two to fourfold, and loweres the mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 stain). [1] stavudine inhibits p24 antigen production by HIV-I in PBMC with EDsos ranging from 0.04 μM to 0.2 μM. [2] Stavudine produces significant mitochondrial dysfunction with a 1.5-fold increase in cellular lactate to pyruvate ratios. Stavudine causes a dose-dependent decrease in mtDNA amplification and a correlative increase in abundance of markers of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Stavudine treatment elevates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhances mitochondrial oxidative stress, and contributes mechanistically to NRTI-induced toxicity. [3]
In vivo Stavudine (500 mg/kg/day) results in lack of significant oxidative mtDNA lesions (as assessed by long polymerase chain reaction experiments), and normal blood lactate/pyruvate ratios in lean mice. Stavudine (500 mg/kg/day) can decrease hepatic and muscle mtDNA in lean mice and can also cause ketoacidosis during fasting without altering mtDNA. Stavudine (500 mg/kg/day) depletes WAT mtDNA only in obese mice. [4]

Protocol (from reference)

Selleck's Stavudine (d4T) has been cited by 9 publications

Condensin-mediated restriction of retrotransposable elements facilitates brain development in Drosophila melanogaster [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):2716] PubMed: 38548759
Inhibiting EZH2 targets atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor by triggering viral mimicry via both RNA and DNA sensing pathways [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):9321] PubMed: 39472584
Condensin-mediated restriction of retrotransposable elements facilitates brain development in Drosophila melanogaster. [ bioRxiv, 2024, 10.1101/2024.01.22.576652] PubMed: none
Seasonal coronavirus infections trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages but is therapeutically targetable [ Antiviral Res, 2023, 216:105674] PubMed: 37459896
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition Disrupts Repeat Element Life Cycle in Colorectal Cancer [ Cancer Discov, 2022, candisc.1117.2021] PubMed: 35320348
The antiretroviral agents azidothymidine, stavudine, and didanosine have the identical mutational fingerprint in the rpoB region of Escherichia coli [ Environ Mol Mutagen, 2022, 3(7):329-335.] PubMed: 36066544
Reverse transcriptase inhibition potentiates target therapy in BRAF-mutant melanomas: effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA-damage, ROS induction and mitochondrial membrane depolarization [ Cell Commun Signal, 2020, 18(1):150] PubMed: 32933538
Altered Gut Microbiome under Antiretroviral Therapy: Impact of Efavirenz and Zidovudine [ ACS Infect Dis, 2020, 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00536] PubMed: 33346662
How to Control HTLV-1-Associated Diseases: Preventing de Novo Cellular Infection Using Antiviral Therapy. [ Front Microbiol, 2018, 9:278] PubMed: 29593659

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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