Metformin HCl

Catalog No.S1950 Batch:S195014

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Technical Data

Formula

C4H11N5.HCl
Molecular Weight 165.62 CAS No. 1115-70-4
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro Water 33 mg/mL (199.25 mM)
DMSO Insoluble
Ethanol Insoluble
In vivo (Add solvents to the product individually and in order)
Clear solution
5%DMSO 40%PEG300 5%Tween80 50%ddH2O
2.3mg/ml Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 46 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results. 
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description Metformin HCl (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl) decreases hyperglycemia in hepatocytes primarily by suppressing glucose production by the liver (hepatic gluconeogenesis). Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153.
Targets
AMPK [1]
(Hepatocytes)
In vitro

Metformin (500 μM) activates AMPK in hepatocytes, as a result, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity is reduced, fatty acid oxidation is induced, and expression of lipogenic enzymes is suppressed. Metformin (2 mM) activates muscle AMPK and promotes glucose uptake. Metformin (500 μM) or AICAR strongly suppresses SREBP-1 mRNA expression in rat hepatocytes. Metformin ameliorates hyperglycemia without stimulating insulin secretion, promoting weight gain, or causing hypoglycemia. Metformin has beneficial effects on circulating lipids linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and increases skeletal myocyte glucose uptake. [1]

Metformin requires LKB1 in the liver to lower blood glucose levels. [2]

Metformin (2 mM) leads to a significant increase in the activity of both α1- and α2-containing complexes in muscle cells. Metformin (2 mM) also increases threonine 172 phosphorylation in muscle cells. [3]
In vivo

Metformin (100 mg/ml, po) treatment produces significant decreases in hepatic expression of mRNAs for SREBP-1, FAS, and S14 in SD rats that are consistent with effects documented in cells. Metformin also decreases hepatic lipids in obese mice. [1]

Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) increases AMPK phosphorylation in livers of wild-type mice. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment reduces blood glucose by more than 50% in the wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. Metformin (250 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment also loweres blood glucose in the ob/ob mice by 40%. [2]

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:

[1]
  • Cell lines

    Rat primary hepatocytes

  • Concentrations

    500 µM

  • Incubation Time

    1 h

  • Method

    Cells were treated with different concentrations of metformin.
Animal Study:

[1]
  • Animal Models

    Male Sprague-Dawley rats

  • Dosages

    100 mg/300 mg

  • Administration

    o.g.

Customer Product Validation

Data from [Data independently produced by , , Oncotarget, 2015, 6(2): 969-78 ]

Data from [Data independently produced by , , Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1):2169]

Selleck's Metformin HCl has been cited by 106 publications

TBC1D23 mediates Golgi-specific LKB1 signaling [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):1785] PubMed: 38413626
PRMT5 mediated FUBP1 methylation accelerates prostate cancer progression [ J Clin Invest, 2024, e175023] PubMed: 39146021
A personalized medicine approach identifies enasidenib as an efficient treatment for IDH2 mutant chondrosarcoma [ EBioMedicine, 2024, 102:105090] PubMed: 38547578
The combination therapy using tyrosine kinase receptors inhibitors and repurposed drugs to target patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells [ Biomed Pharmacother, 2024, 176:116892] PubMed: 38876048
Novel Approach for Cardioprotection: In Situ Targeting of Metformin via Conductive Hydrogel System [ Polymers (Basel), 2024, 16(15)2226] PubMed: 39125251
Metformin Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Inflammation in Young Mice by Suppressing the S100A8/A9-NLRP3-IL-1β Signaling Pathway [ J Inflamm Res, 2024, 17:3785-3799] PubMed: 38895139
Metformin and buparlisib synergistically induce apoptosis of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cells via Akt/FoxO3a/Puma axis [ Toxicol In Vitro, 2024, 97:105801] PubMed: 38479708
Immuno-oncological effects of standard anticancer agents and commonly used concomitant drugs: an in vitro assessment [ BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2024, 25(1):25] PubMed: 38444002
Immuno-oncological effects of standard anticancer agents and commonly used concomitant drugs: an in vitro assessment [ BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2024, 25(1):25] PubMed: 38444002
Metformin enhanced the effect of pirfenidone on pulmonary fibrosis in mice [ Clin Respir J, 2024, 18(1):e13731] PubMed: 38286745

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

NOT FOR HUMAN, VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE.