Leflunomide

Catalog No.S1247 Batch:S124703

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Technical Data

Formula

C12H9F3N2O2
Molecular Weight 270.21 CAS No. 75706-12-6
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro DMSO 54 mg/mL (199.84 mM)
Ethanol 54 mg/mL (199.84 mM)
Water Insoluble
In vivo (Add solvents to the product individually and in order)
Clear solution
5% DMSO 95% Corn oil
5.0mg/ml Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 100 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results. 
Clear solution
5%DMSO 40%PEG300 5%Tween80 50%ddH2O
5.0mg/ml Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 100 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results. 
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis and protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor belonging to the DMARD, used as an immunosuppressant agent. The active metabolite of Leflunomide is A77 1726, which inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Leflunomide is also an agonist of the AhR.
Targets
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase [1]
In vitro Leflunomide is actually a prodrug that is processed in vivo to the active metabolite A771726，which has been shown to inhibit proliferation of mononuclear and T-cells. Leflunomide is an inhibitor of several protein tyrosine kinases, with IC50 values between 30 mM and 100 mM in vitro cellular and enzymatic assays. [1] Leflunomide is capable of inhibiting anti-CD3- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated T cell proliferation. Leflunomide is able to inhibit p59fyn and p56lck activity in in vitro tyrosine kinase assays. Leflunomide also inhibits Ca2+ mobilization in Jurkat cells stimulated by anti-CD3 antibody but not in those stimulated by ionomycin. Leflunomide also inhibits distal events of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody stimulation, namely, IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression on human T lymphocytes. Leflunomide also inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation in CTLL-4 cells stimulated by IL-2. [2] Leflunomide is an immunomodulatory drug that may exert its effects by inhibiting the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which plays a key role in the de novo synthesis of the pyrimidine ribonucleotide uridine monophosphate (rUMP). Leflunomide prevents the expansion of activated and autoimmune lymphocytes by interfering with the cell cycle progression due to inadequate production of rUMP and utilizing mechanisms involving p53. [3]
In vivo Leflunomide is able to prevent and reverse allograft and xenograft rejection in rodents, dogs, and monkeys. [2]

Protocol (from reference)

Customer Product Validation

Data from [Cell Immunol, 2014, 288(1-2), 1-7]

Data from [Cell Immunol, 2014, 288(1-2), 1-7]

Data from [Cell Immunol, 2014, 288(1-2), 1-7]

Data from [Data independently produced by , , Toxicol Lett, 2018, ]

Selleck's Leflunomide has been cited by 18 publications

Coronavirus envelope protein activates TMED10-mediated unconventional secretion of inflammatory factors [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):8708] PubMed: 39379362
Role of vaccinia virus growth factor in stimulating the mTORC1-CAD axis of the de novo pyrimidine pathway under different nutritional cues [ bioRxiv, 2024, 2024.07.02.601567] PubMed: 39005450
IDH2 stabilizes HIF-1α-induced metabolic reprogramming and promotes chemoresistance in urothelial cancer [ EMBO J, 2023, e110620.] PubMed: 36637036
Role of mitochondrial fusion proteins MFN2 and OPA1 on lung cellular senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ Respir Res, 2023, 24(1):319] PubMed: 38110986
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase promotes cell proliferation and suppresses cell death in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma [ Transl Cancer Res, 2023, 12(9):2294-2307] PubMed: 37859742
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase promotes cell proliferation and suppresses cell death in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma [ Transl Cancer Res, 2023, 12(9):2294-2307] PubMed: 37859742
De novo pyrimidine synthesis fuels glycolysis and confers chemoresistance in gastric cancer [ Cancer Lett, 2022, S0304-3835(22)00321-4] PubMed: 35921972
UBE2T-mediated Akt ubiquitination and Akt/β-catenin activation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development by increasing pyrimidine metabolism [ Cell Death Dis, 2022, 13(2):154] PubMed: 35169125
Therapeutic targeting of both dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and nucleoside transport in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma [ Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(9):821] PubMed: 34462431
Exosome-Depleted Excretory-Secretory Products of the Fourth-Stage Larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis Promotes Alternative Activation of Macrophages Through Metabolic Reprogramming by the PI3K-Akt Pathway [ Front Immunol, 2021, 12:685984] PubMed: 34367145

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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