Laduviglusib (CHIR-99021)

Catalog No.S1263 Batch:S126310

Technical Data

Formula

C₂₂H₁₈Cl₂N₈

Molecular Weight

465.34

CAS No.

252917-06-9

Solubility (25°C)*

In vitro

DMSO

93 mg/mL (199.85 mM)

Water

Insoluble

Ethanol

Insoluble

In vivo (Add solvents to the product individually and in order)

Clear solution

5%DMSO 1 Corn oil

0.65mg/ml

Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 13 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.

* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description

Laduviglusib (CHIR-99021, CT99021) is a GSK-3α and GSK-3β inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM and 6.7 nM, respectively. CHIR99201 does not exhibit cross-reactivity against cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and shows a 350-fold selectivity toward GSK-3β compared to CDKs. CHIR99021 functions as a Wnt/β-catenin activator and induces autophagy.

Targets

GSK-3β ^[1] (Cell-free assay)	GSK-3α ^[1] (Cell-free assay)
6.7 nM	10 nM

In vitro

CHIR-99021 shows greater than 500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 versus its closest homologs CDC2 and ERK2, as well as other protein kinases. Furthermore, CHIR-99021 shows only weak binding to a panel of 22 pharmacologically relevant receptors and little inhibitory activity against a panel of 23 nonkinase enzymes. CHIR-99021 induces the activation of glycogen synthase (GS) in insulin receptor-expressing CHO-IR cells with EC50 of 0.763 μM^[1].

In vivo

Oral administration of CHIR-99021 at 30 mg/kg enhances glucose metabolism in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes, with a maximal plasma glucose reduction of nearly 150 mg/dl 3-4 hours after administration, while plasma insulin remains at or below control levels. Oral administration of CHIR-99021 at 16 or 48 mg/kg 1 hour before oral glucose challenges in ZDF rats significantly improves glucose tolerance with 14% and 33% reduction in plasma glucose at 16 mg/kg and 48 mg/kg, respectively, and the higher dose of CHIR-99021 also reduces hyperglycemia before the oral glucose challenge^[1].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}	Cell lines Insulin receptor–expressing CHO-IR cells; Primary rat hepatocytes Concentrations 0.01-10 μM Incubation Time 30 min Method CHO-IR cells expressing human insulin receptor are grown to 80% confluence in Hamm’s F12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and without hypoxanthine. Trypsinized cells are seeded in 6-well plates at 1 × 106 cells/well in 2 ml of medium without fetal bovine serum. After 24 h, medium is replaced with 1 ml of serum-free medium containing GSK-3 inhibitor or control (final DMSO concentration <0.1%) for 30 min at 37°C. Cells are lysed and centrifuged 15 min at 4°C/14000g. The activity ratio of GS is calculated as the GS activity in the absence of glucose-6-phosphate divided by the activity in the presence of 5 mmol/l glucose-6-phosphate, using the filter paper assay of Thomas et al.
Animal Study:^{^[1]}	Animal Models Female db/db mice; Male ZDF rats Dosages 8-48 mg/kg Administration oral administration

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}

Cell lines
Insulin receptor–expressing CHO-IR cells; Primary rat hepatocytes
Concentrations
0.01-10 μM
Incubation Time
30 min
Method
CHO-IR cells expressing human insulin receptor are grown to 80% confluence in Hamm’s F12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and without hypoxanthine. Trypsinized cells are seeded in 6-well plates at 1 × 106 cells/well in 2 ml of medium without fetal bovine serum. After 24 h, medium is replaced with 1 ml of serum-free medium containing GSK-3 inhibitor or control (final DMSO concentration <0.1%) for 30 min at 37°C. Cells are lysed and centrifuged 15 min at 4°C/14000g. The activity ratio of GS is calculated as the GS activity in the absence of glucose-6-phosphate divided by the activity in the presence of 5 mmol/l glucose-6-phosphate, using the filter paper assay of Thomas et al.

Animal Study:^{^[1]}

Animal Models
Female db/db mice; Male ZDF rats
Dosages
8-48 mg/kg
Administration
oral administration

References

[1] Ring DB, et al. Diabetes. 2003, 52(3):588-595.

Customer Product Validation

: , , Dr. Yong-Weon Yi from Georgetown University Medical Center

: Data from [Data independently produced by , , Med Oncol, 2017, 35(1):7]

Selleck's Laduviglusib (CHIR-99021) has been cited by 997 publications

A primate-specific endogenous retroviral envelope protein sequesters SFRP2 to regulate human cardiomyocyte development [ Cell Stem Cell, 2024, S1934-5909(24)00256-X]	PubMed: 39146934
Lung endothelium exploits susceptible tumor cell states to instruct metastatic latency [ Nat Cancer, 2024, 10.1038/s43018-023-00716-7]	PubMed: 38308117
SMAD2/3-SMYD2 and developmental transcription factors cooperate with cell cycle inhibitors to guide tissue formation [ Protein Cell, 2024, pwae031]	PubMed: 38758030
Integrated Stress Response Potentiates Ponatinib-Induced Cardiotoxicity [ Circ Res, 2024, 134(5):482-501]	PubMed: 38323474
Decellularized heart extracellular matrix alleviates activation of hiPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts [ Bioact Mater, 2024, 31:463-474]	PubMed: 37701451
Restoring sweat gland function in mice using regenerative sweat gland cells derived from chemically reprogrammed human epidermal keratinocytes [ Sci Bull (Beijing), 2024, S2095-9273(24)00799-0]	PubMed: 39550273
Developmental signals control chromosome segregation fidelity during pluripotency and neurogenesis by modulating replicative stress [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):7404]	PubMed: 39191776
Transfer of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome during induced DNA breaks [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):9438]	PubMed: 39487167
Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to intestinal inflammation through regulation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells [ Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):2820]	PubMed: 38561332
A transient transcriptional activation governs unpolarized-to-polarized morphogenesis during embryo implantation [ Mol Cell, 2024, 84(14):2665-2681.e13]	PubMed: 38955180

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