Amonafide

Catalog No.S1367 Batch:S136701

Technical Data

Formula	C₁₆H₁₇N₃O₂
Molecular Weight	283.33	CAS No.	69408-81-7
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	DMSO	57 mg/mL (201.17 mM)
		Ethanol	4 mg/mL (14.11 mM)
		Water	Insoluble
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description

Amonafide (NSC308847, AS1413) produces protein-associated DNA-strand breaks through a topoisomerase II-mediated reaction, but does not produce topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage. Phase 3.

Targets

Topo II ^[1]

In vitro

Through a topoisomerase II-mediated reaction, Amonafide treatment produces DNA single-strand breaks (SSB), double-strand breaks (DSB), and DNA-protein cross-links in human myeloid leukemia cells. Amonafide treatment inhibits conlony formation of the leukemic cell lines and the normal human bone marrow GM-CFC in a dose-dependent manner. Amonafide does not produce topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage even at 100 μM. The m-AMSA-resistant line is less than 2-fold resistant to Amonafide ^[1] Amonafide interferes with the DNA breakage-reunion activity of mammalian DNA topoisomerase II resulting in DNA cleavage stimulation. ^[2] Compared with those of other antitumor drugs, Amonafide-stimulated cleavage intensity patterns are markedly different. Amonafide highly prefers a cytosine, and excludes guanines and thymines instead, at position -1, with lower preference for an adenine at position +1. ^[3] Topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage induced by Amonafide is affected only slightly (less than 3-fold) by 1 mM ATP, suggeting that Amonafide is an ATP-insensitive topoisomerase II inhibitor in contrast to doxorubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone. ^[4] Amonafide significantly inhibits the growth of HT-29, HeLa, and PC3 cells with IC50 of 4.67 μM, 2.73 μM, and 6.38 μM, respectively. ^[5] Amonafide is unaffected by P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux, unlike those of the classical topoisomerase II inhibitors (daunorubicin, doxorubicin, idarubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone). ^[6]

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[5]}	Cell lines HT-29, HeLa, and PC3 Concentrations Dissolved in DMSO, final concentrations ~10 μM Incubation Time 72 hours Method All cell lines are in the logarithmic phase of growth when the assay of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) is carried out. Cells are harvested and seeded into 96-well tissue culture plates at a density of 2.5 × 10³ cells/well in 150 μL aliquots of medium. The concentrations tested are serial dilutions of a stock solution (10 μM in DMSO) with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and are added 24 hours later. The assay is ended after 72 hours of Amonafide exposure and PBS is used as a negative control. After 72 hours treatment, cells are washed twice with PBS, and then 50 μL/well of MTT reagent (1 mg/mL in PBS) together with 150 μL/well of prewarmed medium are added. The plates are returned to the incubator for 4 hours. Subsequently, DMSO is added as solvent. Absorbance is determined at 570 nm with a Microplate reader. All experiments are performed at least three times, and the average of the percentage absorbance is plotted against concentration. Then, the concentration of Amonafide required to inhibit 50% of cell growth (IC50) is calculated for Amonafide.

Cell Assay:^{^[5]}

Cell lines
HT-29, HeLa, and PC3
Concentrations
Dissolved in DMSO, final concentrations ~10 μM
Incubation Time
72 hours
Method
All cell lines are in the logarithmic phase of growth when the assay of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) is carried out. Cells are harvested and seeded into 96-well tissue culture plates at a density of 2.5 × 10³ cells/well in 150 μL aliquots of medium. The concentrations tested are serial dilutions of a stock solution (10 μM in DMSO) with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and are added 24 hours later. The assay is ended after 72 hours of Amonafide exposure and PBS is used as a negative control. After 72 hours treatment, cells are washed twice with PBS, and then 50 μL/well of MTT reagent (1 mg/mL in PBS) together with 150 μL/well of prewarmed medium are added. The plates are returned to the incubator for 4 hours. Subsequently, DMSO is added as solvent. Absorbance is determined at 570 nm with a Microplate reader. All experiments are performed at least three times, and the average of the percentage absorbance is plotted against concentration. Then, the concentration of Amonafide required to inhibit 50% of cell growth (IC50) is calculated for Amonafide.

References

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Selleck's Amonafide has been cited by 7 publications

Topoisomerase II as a Novel Antiviral Target against Panarenaviral Diseases [ Viruses, 2022, 15(1)105]	PubMed: 36680145
Repurposing DNA-binding agents as H-bonded organic semiconductors. [ Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):4217]	PubMed: 31527590
Inhibition of Ubiquitin Specific Protease 1 Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells to DNA-Damaging Chemotherapeutics. [ Front Oncol, 2019, 9:1406]	PubMed: 31921663
MRI visible drug eluting magnetic microspheres for transcatheter intra-arterial delivery to liver tumors. [ Theranostics, 2015, 5(5):477-88]	PubMed: 25767615
MRI Visible Drug Eluting Magnetic Microspheres for Transcatheter Intra-Arterial Delivery to Liver Tumors. [Kim DH, et al. Theranostics, 2015, 5(5): 477-488]
Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of novel naphthalimide–cyclam conjugates through dual topoisomerase (topo) I/II inhibition [Tan S, et al. Bioorg Med Chem, 2015, 23(17):5672-80]	PubMed: 26211460
Bioluminescent cell-based NAD(P)/NAD(P)H assays for rapid dinucleotide measurement and inhibitor screening [ Assay Drug Dev Technol, 2014, 12(9-10):514-26]	PubMed: 25506801

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