3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP)

Catalog No.S3652 Batch:S365203

Technical Data

Formula

C₃H₅NO₄

Molecular Weight

119.08

CAS No.

504-88-1

Solubility (25°C)*

In vitro

DMSO

24 mg/mL (201.54 mM)

Water

24 mg/mL (201.54 mM)

Ethanol

24 mg/mL (201.54 mM)

In vivo (Add solvents to the product individually and in order)

Clear solution	5% DMSO 1 95% Corn oil	0.6mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 12 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Clear solution	5%DMSO 1 40%PEG300 2 5%Tween80 3 50%ddH2O	1.2mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 24 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.

* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description

3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory Complex II succinate dehydrogenase, resulting in energy depletion through disruption of the electron transport chain.

Targets

Succinate dehydrogenase ^[1]

In vitro

3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is an irreversible inhibitor of complex II in the mitochondria. It impairs cellular energy metabolism via inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, which induces a reduction in ATP production and leads to oxidative stress. 3-NPA can cause the generation and release of ROS from mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA damage, and thus loss of mitochondrial function. 3-NPA reduces the number of large follicles, impairs oocyte development, and increases the percentage of atretic large follicles and ROS levels in oocytes and granulosa cells^[2]. ROS production followed by mitochondrial DNA damage is the primary event in 3-NPA toxicity, and Bcl-2 protects PC12 cells from 3-NPA toxicity by preventing mitochondrial DNA damage^[3].

In vivo

3-NPA induces granulosa cell apoptosis, large follicle atresia, and an increase of ROS levels in the ovary^[2].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[3]}	Cell lines PC12 cells Concentrations 4-8 mM Incubation Time 48 h Method Viability of the PC12 cells with or without treatment of 3-NPA is estimated using trypan blue exclusion test. Cells are grown in Petri dishes to a density of 1 × 10⁶ cells/dish. After treatment with 4 or 8 mM 3-NPA for 48 h, cells are washed with Hank's balanced salt solution. Trypan blue (0.4 %) is added to the cells and incubated for 5 min. Both viable and nonviable cells are scored on a hemocytometer using a Nikon microscope. The nonviable cells are expressed as a percentage of total cell population
Animal Study:^{^[2]}	Animal Models ICR mice Dosages 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg Administration i.p.

Cell Assay:^{^[3]}

Cell lines
PC12 cells
Concentrations
4-8 mM
Incubation Time
48 h
Method
Viability of the PC12 cells with or without treatment of 3-NPA is estimated using trypan blue exclusion test. Cells are grown in Petri dishes to a density of 1 × 10⁶ cells/dish. After treatment with 4 or 8 mM 3-NPA for 48 h, cells are washed with Hank's balanced salt solution. Trypan blue (0.4 %) is added to the cells and incubated for 5 min. Both viable and nonviable cells are scored on a hemocytometer using a Nikon microscope. The nonviable cells are expressed as a percentage of total cell population

Animal Study:^{^[2]}

Animal Models
ICR mice
Dosages
6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg
Administration
i.p.

References

Selleck's 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) has been cited by 2 publications

Mitochondrial fumarate promotes ischemia/reperfusion-induced tubular injury [ Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2024, 240(4):e14121.]	PubMed: 38409944
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Controls Macrophage Alternative Activation Through Regulating Oxidative Phosphorylation in PPARγ Dependent Manner [ Front Immunol, 2021, 12:618501]	PubMed: 34149684

RETURN POLICY
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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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