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Formula | C30H52O3 |
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Molecular Weight | 460.73 | CAS No. | 30636-90-9 | |
Solubility (25°C)* | In vitro | DMSO | 92 mg/mL (199.68 mM) | |
Ethanol | 33 mg/mL (71.62 mM) | |||
Water | Insoluble | |||
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.) |
Description | 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD, 20-Epiprotopanaxadiol), the main intestinal metabolite of ginsenosides, is one of the active ingredients in ginseng. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol inhibits P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistant cancer cells. |
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In vitro | Concentrations causing growth inhibition of 50% of cells (LC50) for the compounds PPD is 23 μg/ml, for Int-407 cells. The the LC50 for PPD is determined to be 24 μg/ml in Caco-2 cells. In the Int-407 cell line, PPD produces great percentage of sub-G1 (apoptotic) cells(The Int-407 cell line is a human embryonic nonmalignant cell line originating from fetal tissue of approximately 2 months gestation, whereas Caco-2 is a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line). This response is attributed to differences in individual ginsenoside glycosylation and, thus, the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance [2]. Incubation with PPD also significantly reduces the viability of U251-MG and U87-MG cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of PPD is accompanied by reduced expression of cell adhesion proteins, including N-cadherin and integrin β1, which leads to reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Furthermore, incubation with PPD reduces the expression of cyclin D1 and subsequently induces cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase[3]. |
In vivo | Treatment with PPD(20(S)-Protopanaxadiol) and PPT(20(S)-Protopanaxatriol) prior to immobilization stress increase the time spent in open arms and open arm entries in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. Treatment with PPD potently suppresses immobilization stress-induced serum levels of corticosterone and interleukin (IL)-6 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PPD and PPT may exhibit the anxiolytic effect via γ-aminobutyrateA (GABAA) receptor(s) and serotonergic receptor(s), respectively, and PPD may have an anti-inflammatory effect that is more potent than that of PPT[1]. |
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