2-DG (2-Deoxy-D-glucose)

Catalog No.S4701 Batch:S470110

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Technical Data

Formula

C6H12O5
Molecular Weight 164.16 CAS No. 154-17-6
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro Water 100 mg/mL (609.16 mM)
DMSO 33 mg/mL (201.02 mM)
Ethanol 5 mg/mL (30.45 mM)
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description 2-DG (2-Deoxy-D-glucose), an analog of glucose, is a glycolytic inhibitor with antiviral activity. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose induces apoptosis and inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1) receptor expression.
Targets
glycolysis [1]
In vitro 2-Deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG) activates AKT function through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and is independent of glycolysis or mTOR inhibition. 2-DG treatments disrupts the binding between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) so that the free form of IGF-1 could be released from the IGF-1·IGFBP3 complex to activate IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling. 2-DG-induced activation of many survival pathways can be jointly attenuated through IGF1R inhibition. 2-DG also induces time- and dose-dependent ERK phosphorylation[1]. 2-DG is readily transported into cells and is phosphorylated by hexokinase, but cannot be metabolized further and accumulates in the cell. This leads to ATP depletion and the induction of cell-death[2]. 2DG significantly suppresses proliferation, causes apoptosis and reduces migration of murine endothelial cells, inhibiting formation of lamellipodia and filopodia and causing disorganization of F-actin filaments in murine endothelial cell[5].
In vivo Treatment of cancer patients with relatively high doses of 2-DG (greater than 200 mg/kg) was largely ineffective in managing tumor growth. Side effects of 2-DG included elevated blood glucose levels, progressive weight loss with lethargy, and behavioral symptoms of hypoglycemia[2]. 2-DG enhances isoflurane-induced loss of righting reflex in mice. By reducing metabolism, 2-DG treatment can decrease body temperature in rodent, enhancing sensitivity to anesthetics[3]. 2-DG diet significantly increased serum ketone body level and brain expression of enzymes required for ketone body metabolism. The 2-DG-induced maintenance of mitochondrial bioenergetics was paralleled by simultaneous reduction in oxidative stress. Further, 2-DG treated mice exhibited a significant reduction of both amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers, which was paralleled by significantly increased α-secretase and decreased γ-secretase expression, indicating that 2-DG induced a shift towards a non-amyloidogenic pathway. 2-DG increased expression of genes involved in Aβ clearance pathways, degradation, sequestering, and transport. Concomitant with increased bioenergetic capacity and reduced β-amyloid burden, 2-DG significantly increased expression of neurotrophic growth factors, BDNF and NGF, thus reduces pathology in female mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[4].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:

[1]
  • Cell lines

    H460 or H157 cells

  • Concentrations

    5 mM

  • Incubation Time

    48 h

  • Method

    2×103 H460 or H157 cells are seeded in 96-well cell culture plates. Cells are treated with 5 mM 2-DG only, 5 or 10 μM IGF1R inhibitor II only, or a combination of 2-DG and IGF1R inhibitor II. Cell growth inhibition is determined after 48 h by the CellTiter 96® AQueous nonradioactive cell proliferation assay.
Animal Study:

[3]
  • Animal Models

    Adult C57BL/6J mice

  • Dosages

    1000 mg/kg

  • Administration

    i.p.

Customer Product Validation

Data from [Data independently produced by , , Int J Oncol, 2018, 52(6):1899-1911]

Selleck's 2-DG (2-Deoxy-D-glucose) has been cited by 72 publications

RIG-I is an intracellular checkpoint that limits CD8+ T-cell antitumour immunity [ EMBO Mol Med, 2024, 10.1038/s44321-024-00136-9] PubMed: 39322862
Tumor-derived Exosomal ENO2 Modulates Polarization of Tumor-associated Macrophages through Reprogramming Glycolysis to Promote Progression of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma [ Int J Biol Sci, 2024, 20(3):848-863] PubMed: 38250157
Lactylation drives hCG-triggered luteinization in hypoxic granulosa cells [ Int J Biol Macromol, 2024, 280(Pt 4):135580] PubMed: 39322166
Paeonol prevents sepsis-associated encephalopathy via regulating the HIF1A pathway in microglia [ Int Immunopharmacol, 2024, 143(Pt 1):113287] PubMed: 39362015
Hyperglycemia-induced Sirt3 downregulation increases microglial aerobic glycolysis and inflammation in diabetic neuropathic pain pathogenesis [ CNS Neurosci Ther, 2024, 30(8):e14913] PubMed: 39123294
SUMO3 inhibition by butyric acid suppresses cell viability and glycolysis and promotes gemcitabine antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer [ Biol Direct, 2024, 19(1):74] PubMed: 39183358
GDF15 ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury via AMPK-mediated inhibition of glycolysis in alveolar macrophage [ Respir Res, 2024, 25(1):201] PubMed: 38725041
Multi-omics and immunogenomics analysis revealed PFKFB3 as a targetable hallmark and mediates sunitinib resistance in papillary renal cell carcinoma: in silico study with laboratory verification [ Eur J Med Res, 2024, 29(1):236] PubMed: 38622715
Enhanced glycolysis-mediated energy production in alveolar stem cells is required for alveolar regeneration [ Cell Stem Cell, 2023, 30(8):1028-1042.e7] PubMed: 37541209
PD-1 instructs a tumor-suppressive metabolic program that restricts glycolysis and restrains AP-1 activity in T cell lymphoma [ Nat Cancer, 2023, 4(10):1508-1525] PubMed: 37723306

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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